ABSTRACT:
Every month, many women suffer from menstrual cramps, but few know what causes them, which is an issue in and of itself 1. Dysmenorrhea is the leading cause of chronic short-term school absences in teenage girls1,2,3,4,5 and a common issue in reproductive-age women5,6. In reality, it is estimated that each year, over 600 million hours of work are lost due to dysmenorrhea5. Dymenorrhea is a common ailment among women that can cause severe physical and emotional pain as well as life disturbance. Women, on the other hand, do not seek clinical help in order to relieve this condition7. Menstrual pain is referred to as dysmenorrhea. It is the most common menstrual condition among females. More than half of menstruating women experience pain for 1-2 days per month. For women of reproductive age, it is a very common and often disabling disease. In reproductive-age women, the prevalence ranges from 16 to 91 percent8.
Cite this article:
Veena Rajput. An Overview on Dysmenorrhea. International Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2021; 9(3):381-4. doi: 10.52711/2454-2660.2021.00089
Cite(Electronic):
Veena Rajput. An Overview on Dysmenorrhea. International Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2021; 9(3):381-4. doi: 10.52711/2454-2660.2021.00089 Available on: https://ijneronline.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2021-9-3-31
REFERENCE:
1. https://www.organicauthority.com/
2. Speer L. Dysmenorrhea. American Family Physician. 2005; 71(2): 285-91.
3. Coco AS. Primary dysmenorrhea. American Family Physician. 1999; 60(2): 489.
4. Samba Conney C, Akwo Kretchy I, Asiedu-Danso M, Allotey-Babington GL. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use for Primary Dysmenorrhea among Senior High School Students in the Western Region of Ghana. Obstetrics and Gynecology International. 2019 Nov 25; 2019.
5. 18,Nag U, Kodali M. Meditation and yoga as alternative therapy for primary dysmenorrhea. Int J Med Pharm Sci. 2013; 3(7): 39-44.
6. Doty E, Attaran M. Managing primary dysmenorrhea. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2006; 19(5): 341-4.
7. Durain D. Primary dysmenorrhea: assessment and management update. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2004; 49(6): 520-8.
8. Azagew AW, Kassie DG, Walle TA. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its intensity, impact and associated factors among female students’ at Gondar town preparatory school, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Women's Health. 2020; 20(1): 5.
9. Wang YJ, Hsu CC, Yeh ML, Lin JG. Auricular acupressure to improve menstrual pain and menstrual distress and heart rate variability for primary dysmenorrhea in youth with stress. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013 Jan 1; 2013.
10. Froozan Bakhtshirin, Sara Abedi, Parisa YusefiZoj, and Damoon Razmjooee, Iran J Nurs Midwifery, The effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender oil on severity of primary dysmenorrhea in Arsanjan students, 2015; 20(1): 156-160
11. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324484
12. Blakey H, Chisholm C, Dear F, et al.: Is exercise associated with primary dysmenorrhoea in young women? BJOG, 2010; 117: 222–224. [Medline] [CrossRef]
13. Panjabi MM: The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. J Spinal Disord, 1992; 5: 383-389, Discussion 397.
14. Sousa FF, Sousa Júnior JF, Ventura PL. Efeito da auriculoterapia na dor e função sexual de mulheres com dismenorreia primária. BrJP. 2020(AHEAD).
15. Fisher, C., Sibbritt, D., Hickman, L. and Adams, J., 2016. A critical review of complementary and alternative medicine use by women with cyclic perimenstrual pain and discomfort: a focus upon prevalence, patterns and applications of use and users' motivations, information seeking and self‐perceived efficacy. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 95(8): pp.861-871.
16. Pakniat H, Chegini V, Ranjkesh F, Hosseini MA. Comparison of the effect of vitamin E, vitamin D and ginger on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea: a single-blind clinical trial. Obstetrics and gynecology science. 2019; 62(6): 462-8.
17. Lundström V. Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors-a promising therapeutic alternative. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1978; 57(5): 421-8.
18. https://www.mayoclinic.org/patient-care-and-health-information
19. Bahmani M, Eftekhari Z, Jelodari M, Saki K, Abdollahi R, Majlesi M, Rafieian Kopaei M, Rasouli S. Effect of Iranian herbal medicines in dysmenorrhea phytotherapy. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2015; (2): 519-26.
20. https://cam.cochrane.org/
21. https://www.delune.co/blogs/blog/vitamin-b1-period-cramps-naturally
22. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/ auricular-Seifert B, Wagler P, Dartsch S, Schmidt U, Nieder J. Magnesium-a new therapeutic alternative in primary dysmenorrhea. Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie.1989;111(11):755-60.
23. Diandra DL, Siregar HS, Aboet A, Aldiansyah D, Adenin I, Rivany R. Thiamine Supplementation for Primary Dysmenorrhea.
24. https://www.remedydrip.com/blog/best-remedy-for-menstrual-pain
25. Alexandrovich I, Rakovitskaya O, Kolmo E, Sidorova T, Shushunov S. The effect of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed oil emulsion in infantile colic: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Alternative therapies in health and medicine. 2003; 9(4): 58.
26. https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/68134-alternative-treatments-for-dysmenorrhea
27. Kooshk A, Tofighiyan T, Rakhshani MH. Comparison of the effects of marine omega-3 fatty acids and ibuprofen on primary dysmenorrehea. Life Sci J. 2013; 10: 1-3.
28. Friedman A, Moe S. Review of the effects of omega-3 supplementation in dialysis patients. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2006; 1(2): 182-92.
29. https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-chasteberry-2721967
30. Rakel D. Integrative medicine-E-book. Elsevier health sciences; 2017 Mar 21.
31. acupunctureLonsdale D. A review of the biochemistry, metabolism and clinical benefits of thiamin (e) and its derivatives. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2006;3(1): 49-59.