A Study to Assess effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Negative effects of Cell Phone Visualization among mothers of Toddlers in selected areas at Rajkot
Piyush, Krunal, Dhruvik, Ramjan, Chandrsinh, Bhargav, Ronit, Suneesh P. M,
Jeenath Justin Doss K
Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, b/h Sainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot - 360006.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: p.v.bambhaniya@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
The use of mobile phones among young children and Adolescents is also increasing dramatically. It is an intended Need which is necessary to increase the awareness of the Negative effects of excessive phone use on their sleep wake Patterns, with serious health risks, as well as attention and Cognitive problems. Before 2 decades the mobile phones were used by few people across the globe and the people were using only in case of emergency and not for 24hrs a day. The majority of 17(42.5%) sample’s age is between 21-28 years, 11(27.5%) sample’s age is between 29–36-year, 9(22.5%) sample’s age is between 37–43-year, 3(7.5%) sample’s age is between 44-50 year. There are 6(15%) sample’s income is below RS5000 per month, 14(35%) sample’s income is 5000-10000RS per month, 16(40%) sample’s income is 10000-15000RS per month, 4(10%) sample’s income is more than RS15000 per month. There are 4(10%) sample’s occupation is the government,17(42.5%) sample’s occupation is the non-government job, 19(47.5%) sample’s occupation is other than the government and non-government job. There are 33(82.5%) sample’s religion is Hindu, 7(17.5%) sample’s religion is Muslim, 0(00%) sample’s religion is Shikh and another cast. There are 6(15%) sample’s live in slum area 34(85%) sample’s live in Rural area, 0(00%) sample’s live in urban area. There are 14(35%) samples are Uneducated, 18(45%) samples are primary educated, 4(10%) samples are Higher educated and 4(10%) samples are Graduated and above. There are 20(50%) sample’s stays in nuclear family, 13(32.5%) sample’s stays in Joint family and 7(17.5%) sample’s stay in Extended family. The distribution of the knowledge score of 40 sample before and after the administration of the planned teaching programme. It indicates that mean 15.05 obtained before the administration of PTP and mean 24.15 obtained after the administration of PTP. The difference in knowledge score suggests the knowledge gained by sample. So, knowledge among student was increased. Calculated ‘t’ value is 19.50 that are greater than tabulated ‘t’ value (1.68). this indicate that the difference obtained in the mean pretest and posttest knowledge score was real difference and not by chance. Hence, the hypothesis was accepted. There for it is established than PTP was effective in enhancing knowledge among mothers of toddlers regarding negative effects of cell phone visualization.
KEYWORDS: PTP, Cell Phone, WHO, Pretest, Post Test.
INTRODUCTION:
The use of mobile phones among young children and Adolescents is also increasing dramatically. It is an intended Need which is necessary to increase the awareness of the Negative effects of excessive phone use on their sleep wake Patterns, with serious health risks, as well as attention and Cognitive problems. Before 2 decades the mobile phones were used by few people across the globe and the people were using only in case of emergency and not for 24hrs a day. But in the last 2 decades there is a tremendous advancement in the network technologies and Internet facilities.1
In addition to telephony, modern-day mobile phones also support a wide range of other services such as text messaging, e mail, internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and hotography. With respect to health implications of digital (wireless) technologies, it is of importance that neurological diseases, physiological addiction, cognition, sleep, and behavioural problems are considered in addition to cancer. Well-being needs to be carefully evaluated as an effect of changed behaviour in children and adolescents through modern digital technologies.2
NEED FOR THE STUDY:
The World Health Organization (WHO) has begun identifying the risks associated with children using smartphone technology. The Washington Post recently reported on the WHO designation of how much time children — particularly babies — should spend on smartphones. Research from 2017 involving university students in Korea found the average smartphone usage was around 15.79 hours Trusted Source per week. According to a 2019 study Trusted Source on problematic phone usage in children and adolescents, more research is necessary to understand its risks fully.3 The trend is extremely disturbing. we are getting kids as young as who have eye problems because of watching videos, TV, movies in the phone. Parents complain that the kids don't eat if they are not allowed to watch TV. These radiations also penetrate in the body and they affect the cell structure and the DNA.4
According to department of Pediatrics from Guru Tej Bahadur hospital, Delhi conducted a study in witch results come to All except one toddler (369, 99.7%) had been exposed to screen-based media till 18 months of age, starting from as early as 2 months of age (median (IQR) age at first exposure: 10(8, 12) months) . Overall, 48(14.6%), and 39(11%) toddlers were exposed to TV and smartphone, respectively, before 6 months of age. Presently, 328(88.7%) were viewing screen for >1 hour/day, and 209(56.5%) for >2hours/day. Median (IQR) duration of screen exposure was 120(80,180) minutes/day. TV viewing and smartphone screen viewing contributed to median (IQR) of 60 (60,120) and 45(35,90) minutes/day, respectively. Most screen viewing for toddlers was supervised by parents (275, 74.3%). In most families (214,65.2%), dinner time was associated with screen viewing.5
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1) To assess the knowledge regarding negative effects of cell phone visualization among mother of toddlers.
2) To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding negative effects of cell phone visualization among mother of toddlers.
3) To find out the association between selected demographic variable and post test level of knowledge of mothers regarding negative effects of cell phone visualization.
HYPOTHESES:
The study is based on the hypothesis.
H1: The mean of post test knowledge scores of mothers who receiving PTP will be significantly higher than the mean of pre test knowledge scores regarding negative effects of cell phone visualization.
H2: There will be significant association between level of posttest knowledge regarding negative effects of cell phone visualization and selected demographical variables.
METHODOLOGY:
RESEARCH APPROACH:
The research approach is Quantitative research approach.
RESEARCH DESIGN:
Pre experimental: one group pretest – posttest design
SETTING OF THE STUDY:
A study is carried out in Selected village at Rajkot.
RESEARCH VARIABLES:
· Dependent variable: Knowledge regarding negative effects of cell phone visualization.
· Independent variable: Planned teaching programme
POPULATION:
Target population:
Mother’s of toddler that fulfil our criteria.
Accessible population:
Mother’s of toddler that live in selected area of Rajkot.
SAMPLE:
Mothers of toddlers in selected area of Rajkot.
SAMPLE SIZE:
The sample size including for the study consists of 40 samples in Selected village at Rajkot.
DESCRIPTION OF TOOL:
It consists of following section:
Section 1:
Consist of demographical variable of mothers of toddler such as present age, educational status, etc.
Section 2:
It consists of knowledge item to assess the knowledge.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
Pre test 15(37.5%) participants were having Inadequate knowledge, 25(62.5%) participants were having moderate knowledge, 0(00%) participants were having Adequate knowledge. Post test result shows that majority of participant 30(75%) were having Adequate knowledge, 10(25%) were having moderate knowledge and 0(00%) participants were having Inadequate knowledge.
The effectiveness of planned teaching programme to increase level of knowledge among mothers of toddlers, the obtained t-test for the level of knowledge calculated t-value was (-19.50) and tabulated t-value was 2.02. Thus shows very highly significant at p<0.05 level. With regard to the association between the level of knowledge with their selected demographic variables such as Age, Income, Occupation, Religion, Residency, Education and Types of family. Age, Residency and Education was significant and rest of all the variables are not significant association found. The study shows that the calculated chi-square value is more than the tabulated value at level of 0.05 level for thus demographic variables, which shows there is significant association between effectiveness of planned teaching programme and selected demographic variables.
FINDING OF THE STUDY:
· The majority of 17(42.5%) sample’s age is between 21-28 years.
· The majority of 16(40%) sample’s income is 10000-15000RS per month.
· The majority of 19(47.5%) sample’s occupation is other than the government and non-government job.
· The majority of 33(82.5%) sample’s religion is hindu.
· The majority of 34(85%) sample’s live in slum area.
· The majority of 18(45%) sample’s are primary educated.
· The majority of 20(50%) sample’s stay in Nuclear family.
CONCLUSION:
In this study most of the mothers of toddlers having level of knowledge in pre-test score was inadequate and moderately adequate. This shows the crucial need to understand the purpose of planned teaching programme to increase level of knowledge and decrease negative effects of cell phone.
CONFLICTION OF INTEREST:
The authors have no conflicts of interest regarding these investigations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The authors would like to thank all participants and authorities of setting fir their kind support and help.
REFERENCE:
1. Girela-Serrano, Braulio M et al. Impact of mobile phones and wireless devices use on children and adolescents' mental health: a systematic review. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2022: 1–31 doi:10.1007/s00787-022-02012-8.
2. Wenjuan Liu, Tomoya Kawashima, Kazumitsu Shinohara. BMC Psychol. 2023; 11: 334. Published online 2023 Oct 12. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01381-2
3. Muralidharan A. A Textbook of Mobile Communication. Chennai: Latha Publications; 2000. p. 1-2.
4. McEvoy SP. Stevenson MR, Woodward M. Phone use and crasher while driving: A representative survey of drivers in two Australian states. Med J Aust. 2006; 185(1112): 628
5. Wenjuan Liu, Tomoya Kawashima, Kazumitsu Shinohara. BMC Psychol. 2023; 11: 334. Published online 2023 Oct 12. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01381-2
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Received on 17.04.2024 Revised on 11.09.2024 Accepted on 18.01.2025 Published on 22.02.2025 Available online from March 20, 2025 Int. J. Nursing Education and Research. 2025;13(1):19-21. DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2025.00004 ©A and V Publications All right reserved
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