Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Practice of mother of under Five Children on Prevention and Management of Diarrhoea in selected Urban area, Patna
Ritu Kumari1*, Kamla Devi2, Jyoti Mishra3
1M.Sc. Nursing Student, National Institute of Health Education and Research, Patna, Bihar, India.
2H.O.D., National Institute of Health Education and Research, Patna, Bihar, India.
3Asst. Prof. (Child Health Nursing), National Institute of Health Education and Research, Patna, Bihar, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: 1990aalu@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Burden of care refers to physical, psychological, social disturbances of the caregivers and coping strategies means, it is an effort of individual which will help them in overcoming of any problem while caring mentally ill patient. To assess the burden of care and Coping strategies among caregivers of mentally ill patients in selected hospital. Methodology: Descriptive research design was used in the study on total 140 caregivers were selected through convenience sampling technique. Data was collected by interview method for Socio-demographic variables, structured tool on Burden Scale for Family Caregivers and Coping Scale for Family Caregivers area in Psychiatry OPD and IPD of Himalayan Hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Results: The study result showed that the burden of care among caregivers of mentally ill patients was high (53.6%) and the caregivers who were adopted sufficient coping strategies were (55.0%) and 45.0% caregivers of mentally ill patients were having less coping strategy to deal with burden of care while caring mentally ill patient. The result also showed that the mean Burden of care of family caregivers score was maximum in psychological (13.74±3.475), minimum in Sociological (7.98±2.306) and least in physiological domain (6.14±2.498). Result depicts that mean of coping strategies among caregivers score was maximum in psychological (22.06±3.571), minimum in physiological (12.73±1.340) and least in sociological (8.81±2.643). Conclusion: Study concluded that there is the presence of high burden among caregivers of mentally ill patients and they are using sufficient coping strategies.
KEYWORDS: Diarrhoea knowledge, Diarrhoea prevention, Mothers and under 5 children, Prevention of diarrhoea.
INTRODUCTION:
Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of child morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing countries. Globally, it is estimated that there are 2.5 billion episodes and 1.5 million deaths annually in children under five years1.
Diarrhoeal diseases are major causes of malnutrition, delayed physical development, and early childhood mortality in developing countries and poor communities, and the major cause of death in children with diarrhoea is loss of water and essential minerals2.
In India, diarrhoeal disease is a major public health concern among children under the age of 5 years. In health institutions up to two-third of total pediatric admissions are due to diarrhoeal disease and up to 17% of all deaths in indoor pediatric patients are related to dehydration related to diarrhoea. Fluid electrolyte imbalances related to diarrhoea in under-five children is one of the chief problems in the early stage of life. In most of the developing countries of the planet, there is increasing in the number of diarrhoeal cases due to lack of resistance to pathogenic agents, widespread prevalence of malnutrition, inadequate medical facilities, poverty, poor sanitization, lack of mother knowledge, and awareness of fluid-electrolyte imbalances. Therefore, the role of the health care workers is important to provide knowledge about the complications and their prevention. Diarrhoea is still the most common cause of mortality in most of the tropical and subtropical countries, 7, 8 and according to 2017 figures for every 1000 live births in India3.
Prevention practice of caregivers is important and can prevent diarrhoea-related child morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the study aimed at identifying the gaps on under-five children diarrhoea prevention practice and associated factors in the study area so as to forward recommendations for under-five caregivers, local health-care providers, and other stakeholders to reduce diarrhoea-related morbidity and mortality. The community at large in the study area can be benefited from improved under-five diarrhoea prevention practice4.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
· To assess the pre-test level of knowledge of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
· To assess the pre-test level of practice of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
· To assess the post-test level of knowledge of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
· To assess the post-test level of practice of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
· To compare the effectiveness of planned teaching programme by comparing pretest and post-test knowledge score of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
· To compare the effectiveness of planned teaching programme by comparing pretest and post-test practice score of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
· To find out the association between pre-test knowledge with selected socio demographic variables.
· To find out the association between pre-test practice score with selected socio demographic variables.
· To find out the association between knowledge and practice score of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
HYPOTHESIS:
· There will be a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea
· There will be a significant difference between pre-test and post-test practice score of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea
· There will be a significant association between pre-test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables.
· There will be a significant association between pre-test practice scores with selected demographic variables.
· There will be significant association between knowledge and practice score
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A Quantitative experimental research approach was used. Pre -Experimental research design was used in present study. Total 50 participants Mothers of under-five in selected urban areas, Patna were selected using Non probability Purposive sampling technique. Pre-Experimental design with one group Pretest - Posttest design was used to assess the knowledge and practice of the mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea.
Tool:
Tool–I: Structured knowledge questionnaire
Tool-II: checklist
Tool-I structured knowledge questionnaire:
Part-A: Demographic Performa:
It consists of demographic characteristics such as age, Father’s education, type of family, residential area, religion, previous knowledge of CPR. Source of information.
Part-B: Structured knowledge questionnaire:
It consists of knowledge items regarding prevention and management of diarrhoea. This section consists of 30 items. Each item has four options with one most correct answer. For each item, the correct answer carriers the score of ‘one’ and wrong answer carries the score of ‘Zero’. There for 30 items there was 30 maximum obtainable score.
Scoring Procedure:
To assess the level of knowledge of Mothers of under-five children, the score was grouped into item like inadequate, moderate, and adequate based on knowledge scores.
Table 1: Scoring the level of knowledge
|
Level of knowledge |
Actual scores |
|
Inadequate |
0-10 |
|
Moderate |
11-20 |
|
Adequate |
21-30 |
RESULTS AND INTERVENTION:
The data data collected from 50 mothers of under-five children in selected urban areas, Patna to describe the level of knowledge and practice score regarding prevention and management of diarrhoea. The data collected for the study were grouped and analyzed as per the objectives set for the study. Data analysis includes both descriptive and inferential statistics.
· To assess the pre-test level of knowledge of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
· To assess the pre-test level of practice of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
· To assess the post-test level of knowledge of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
· To assess the post-test level of practice of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
· To compare the effectiveness of planned teaching programme by comparing pretest and post-test knowledge score of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
· To compare the effectiveness of planned teaching programme by comparing pretest and post-test practice score of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
· To find out the association between pre-test knowledge with selected socio demographic variables.
· To find out the association between pre-test practice score with selected socio demographic variables.
· To find out the association between knowledge and practice score of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhoea in selected urban area, Patna.
Table 2: Frequency and percentage distribution of degree students according to their demographic variables n=50
|
S. No. |
Characteristics |
Demographic variables |
Frequency |
|
1 |
Age |
18-22 |
18 |
|
23-27 |
25 |
||
|
28 and above |
13 |
||
|
2 |
Occupation |
Employed |
42 |
|
Unemployed |
8 |
||
|
3 |
Type of residential area |
Urban |
28 |
|
Rural |
22 |
||
|
4 |
Type of family |
Joint family |
30 |
|
Nuclear family |
20 |
||
|
5 |
Religion |
Hindu |
25 |
|
Muslim |
20 |
||
|
Christian |
5 |
||
|
6 |
Previous knowledge about diarrhoea |
Yes |
20 |
|
No |
30 |
||
|
7 |
If yes, source of information through |
Media |
30 |
|
Books |
7 |
||
|
Relatives |
4 |
||
|
Friends |
9 |
Table 3: Assessment of pre interventional knowledge scores of mothers of under-five of prevention and management of diarrhoen=50
|
Knowledge |
Frequency |
Percentage |
Mean |
S.D |
|
Adequate |
4 |
8% |
10.8 |
4.5 |
|
Moderate |
9 |
18% |
||
|
Inadequate |
37 |
74% |
Table 4: Assessment of pre interventional practice scores of mothers of under-five prevention and management of diarrhoean = 50
|
Knowledge |
Frequency |
Percentage |
Mean |
S.D |
|
Adequate |
0 |
0 % |
6 |
3.28 |
|
Moderate |
20 |
40% |
||
|
Inadequate |
30 |
60% |
Table 4: Assessment of post interventional knowledge scores of mothers of under-five prevention and management of diarrhoea
n = 50
|
Knowledge |
Frequency |
Percentage |
Mean |
S.D |
|
Adequate |
27 |
54 % |
20.8 |
4.22 |
|
Moderate |
23 |
46 % |
||
|
Inadequate |
0 |
0 % |
Table 5: Assessment of post interventional practice scores of mothers of under-five prevention and management of diarrhoea
n = 50
|
Knowledge |
Frequency |
Percentage |
Mean |
S.D |
|
Adequate |
3 |
6 % |
10.8 |
3.72 |
|
Moderate |
47 |
94 % |
||
|
Inadequate |
0 |
0 % |
Table 6: Comparison between the pre and post interventional knowledge scores of mothers of under-five prevention and management of diarrhoea n = 50
|
Level of knowledge |
Pre-test |
Post-test |
||
|
Frequency(f) |
% |
Frequency(f) |
% |
|
|
Inadequate(0-10) |
37 |
74% |
0 |
0% |
|
Moderate(11-20) |
9 |
18% |
23 |
46% |
|
Adequate(21-30) |
4 |
8% |
27 |
54% |
Table 7: Comparison of mean and standard deviation pre and post-test knowledge scores of mothers of under-five prevention and management of diarrhoea n = 50
|
Group |
Mean |
Mean difference |
Standard deviation |
“t” value |
|
Pre-test |
10.88 |
9.92 |
4.5 |
9.94 |
|
Post-test |
20.8 |
4.22 |
Significant at 0.05 level.
Table 8: Comparison between the pre and post interventional practice scores mothers of under-five prevention and management of diarrhoea n = 50
|
Level of knowledge |
Pre-test |
Post-test |
||
|
Frequency (f) |
% |
Frequency(f) |
% |
|
|
Inadequate (0-6) |
30 |
60% |
0 |
0% |
|
Moderate (7-12) |
20 |
40% |
47 |
94% |
|
Adequate (13-18) |
0 |
0% |
3 |
6% |
Table 9: Comparison of mean and standard deviation pre and post-test practice scores of mothers of under-five prevention and management of diarrhoea n=50
|
Group |
Mean |
Mean difference |
Standard deviation |
“t” value |
|
Pre-test |
6 |
4.8 |
3.28 |
13.16 |
|
Post-test |
10.8 |
3.72 |
Table 10: Correlation between knowledge and practice
|
|
Maximum |
Range |
Mean |
SD |
Correlation |
|
Knowledge |
22 |
(21-30) |
10.8 |
4.5 |
0.39 |
|
Practice |
9 |
(7-12) |
6 |
3.28 |
DISCUSSION:
Statistical analysis shows that find out the correlation between the knowledge and practice among mothers of under-five of prevention and management of diarrhoea were knowledge mean 10.8 and SD is 4.5. The correlation comes between the knowledge and practice is 0.39 which is positive correlation between knowledge and practice. Thus, the hypothesis that there will be significant association between knowledge and practice is accepted.
CONCLUSION:
The mothers of under-five children had adequate knowledge and skills after planned teaching programme about prevention and management of diarrhoea. The planned teaching programme was effective to improve the level of knowledge. The mothers of under-five children had a good knowledge and practice skill planned teaching programme about prevention and management of diarrhoea The planned teaching programme was effective to improve the level of knowledge and practice.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I would like to acknowledge the study participants for providing me their keen responses. My sincere thanks to all those who assisted me directly or indirectly, especially the Institutional Ethical Committee, NIHER, Patna, Bihar, India in the successful completion of this study.
SOURCE OF FUNDING:
The study entitled “Evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge and practice of mother of under five children on prevention and management of diarrhea in selected urban area, Patna is self-funded research work of Ms. Ritu Kumari.
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Received on 06.07.2024 Revised on 17.09.2024 Accepted on 29.10.2024 Published on 16.12.2024 Available online on December 31, 2024 Int. J. Nursing Education and Research. 2024;12(4):249-252. DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2024.00052 ©A and V Publications All right reserved
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