An Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Topical Insulin in Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcer among Staff Nurses in selected Hospitals at Kota, Rajasthan
Praveen Singh1, Raj Rajeshwar Singh2, Rahul Sharma3
1Final Year M.Sc. Nursing Student, Sudha College of Nursing, Kota.
2Principal, Sudha College of Nursing, Kota.
3HOD MSN Department, Sudha College of Nursing, Kota.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: praveensinghcharan3@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
There are increasing cases of diabetic foot ulcer in world and in India and the staff nurses have less knowledge about the topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer. Present study is aimed to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer among staff nurses in selected hospitals at kota, Rajasthan. 60 samples were selected using simple random sampling technique. The findings revealed that In Control group none of the participants had good level of knowledge in pre and post test. Average level of knowledge 43.33% was found in pre test whereas 53.33% was found in post test. Poor level of knowledge 43.33% was found in pre test whereas 30.00% was found in post test in control group. In experimental group none of the participants had good level of knowledge in pre test whereas 100.00% had good level of knowledge in post test. Average level of knowledge 60.00% was found in pre test whereas none of the participants had average level of knowledge in post test. Poor level of knowledge 40.00% was found in pre test whereas none of the participants had poor level of knowledge in post test in experimental group. This study concluded that there was significant improvement in the level of knowledge of nurses regarding topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer which indicated that the planned teaching programme was effective. The socio-demographic variables like age, gender, education qualification, area of work, years of experience, previously attended workshop seminar programme had significant association with the pre test knowledge score. Hence this kind of education programmes should be conducted from time to time for health personnel so that their knowledge can be improved.
KEYWORDS: Assess, Knowledge, Nurses, effectiveness, Topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer, Planned teaching programme.
INTRODUCTION:
Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is an important source of energy for the cells that make up the muscles and tissues. It's also the brain's main source of fuel. The main cause of diabetes varies by type. But no matter what type of diabetes you have, it can lead to excess sugar in the blood.
Too much sugar in the blood can lead to serious health problems.1 Diabetes may also result from other disorders or treatments. Genetic defects in the beta cells can lead to the development of diabetes. Several hormones such as growth hormone, cortisol, glucagon, or epinephrine can antagonize or counteract insulin. Excess amount of these hormone cause diabetes. In addition certain drugs (e.g. glucocorticoids and thiazides) may cause diabetes.2 Foot ulcer refers to an ulcer in the upper and lower extremities due to any injury or infection, secondary to diabetes mellitus or due to peripheral neuropathy. Diabetic foot infections are common in between 50% and 75% of lower extremity amputations are performed on people with diabetes. More than 50% of these amputations are thought to be preventable, provide patients are taught foot ulcer care measures and practice them on a daily basis.3 Relative or absolute lack of insulin or its action is a hallmark of diabetes disease and defective insulin action in the skin contributes to wound healing defects in this disease. Due to underlying angiopathy and neuropathy, foot ulcers are quite common in diabetics. Topical insulin accelerates wound healing in the skin of diabetic rats and humans.4 Use of Topical insulin in the past, insulin was made from beef and pork pancreas, but these forms of insulin are no longer available. Today, only human insulin was used. Human insulin was not directly harvested from human organs but was derived from common bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli) or yeast cells using recombinant DNA technology.5
NEED FOR THE STUDY:
WHO defines the diabetic foot as an infection, ulceration, or destruction of deep tissues of foot and these are associated with neuropathy and various degrees of peripheral vascular disease and/or metabolic complications of diabetes within the lower limb. The incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is up to 25% over a patient’s life time. 5 Foot ulcers occur in 15- 25% of people with diabetes.6 Based on the clinical experience and the observation made by the researcher that staff nurses do not have adequate information regarding topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer. There for the researcher felt the need to assess the planned teaching programme on knowledge of staff nurses regarding topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer planned teaching programme as an interaction method of instruction can be used to enhance staff nurses knowledge regarding topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer.
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
An experimental study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer among staff nurses in selected hospitals at Kota, Rajasthan.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the pre test knowledge scores of nurses regarding topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer in control and experimental group.
2. To assess the post test knowledge scores of nurses regarding topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer in control and experimental group.
3. To find out the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer in experimental group.
4. To find out the association between pre test knowledge scores regarding topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer in control and experimental group with selected socio demographic variables.
HYPOTHESIS:
H1: There is significant difference between the pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer among experimental group.
H2: There is significant association between pre test knowledge scores with selected socio demographic variables in both groups.
Evaluative approach was used in this study and experimental research design was adopted for the present study.
The study was undertaken nurses working in shriji hospital and kota heart multispecialty hospital Kota, Rajasthan.
Population:
The population consisted of nurses working in Shriji hospital kota and kota heart and multispaciality hospital kota
Samples:
The population consisted of nurses working in Shriji hospital kota and kota heart and multispaciality hospital kota.
Sample size was 60 Nurses in this study.
In this study the samples were selected through simple random sampling techniques.
Inclusion Criteria:
Nurses who were
Willing to participate in the study.
Available at the time of study.
Exclusion Criteria: Nurses who were not
Available at the time of the data collection.
Description of the tool:
The self administered questionnaire consists of two parts:
Section A: Consist of selected socio-demographic variables such as age in years, gender, educational status, year of experience, area of working, attended any workshop, seminar regarding diabetic foot ulcer and topical insulin. This section consists of 7 items.
Section B: Consist of structured questionnaire on Topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer.
Items were judged by experts for relevance, clarity and appropriateness. Modifications done as per expert opinion.
Reliability of the Tool:
The reliability of co-efficient of internal consistency was computed by using Cronbach Alpha.
Data Collection Procedure:
Written permission was obtained from ethical committee of Sudha college, Kota prior to data collection. The samples were working nurses in Shriji hospital kota and kota heart and multispaciality hospital kota .The purpose of the study was explained and obtained informed consent was obtained from nurses.
Plan for data analysis:
A master data sheet was prepared by the investigator.
Distribution of sample according to socio-demographic variables was analysed by using frequency and percentage distribution.
Mean, mean % median and standard deviation used to analysed pre test and post test knowledge score.
Anova test was used to find out the association between knowledge scores and socio-demographic variables of nurses working in selected hospital at Kota.
The demographic characteristics of the respondents revealed that
Majority (50%) of participants was from the age group of 20-30 years.
Majority of the respondents (68.33%) were female.
Distribution of respondents according to educational qualification shows that majority percentages (76.67) were G.N.M.
Majority of the participants were from medical ward (53.33%)
Distribution of respondents according to year of experience revealed that (35%) were from (<1-3 years).
Majority of the participants were not attended workshop seminar training on topical insulin in healing of diabetic foot ulcer.
Figure 1. Pre and Post Test Knowledge Scores in Control and Experimental group.
Figure 2. Area-wise Pre and Post Test Knowledge Scores among Control and Experimental Group.
Figure 3 Level of Knowledge on planned teaching programme in Control and Experimental Group.
Figure 4 Overall Level of Knowledge in Control and Experimental Group.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
Similar study can be replicated on a larger sample and their findings can be generalized for a larger population.
An comparative study can be conducted in Private and Government hospitals. More in-depth studies can be conducted on the topic.
REFERENCE:
1. Diabetes. (2022, May). MAYO CLINIC. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444#:~:text=Diabetes%20mellitus%20refers%20to%20a,of%20diabetes%20varies%20by%20type.
2. Black M. J. Medical Surgical Nursing. 7th ed. Missouri: Sounder’s Publishers; 2005. p1243-88.
3. Brunner and Siddhartha’s. Text Book of Medical Surgical Nursing. New Delhi: Published by Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd; 2011. (2) p1236
4. Swaminathan R. Uttar Pradesh, India. Conducted a study on. Effectiveness of topical insulin in management of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research. June 2014; 3: p 455-59
5. Lewis H D. Medical Surgical Nursing Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Elsevier Publication; 2011. P 1250-55.
6. Ul Adrian B. Brunicardi FC, Wound Healing. In: Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery. 9th ed, Ch.9, New York, McGraw-Hill; 2005: 209-33.
Received on 10.01.2024 Modified on 17.02.2024
Accepted on 18.03.2024 © A&V Publications all right reserved
Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2024; 12(2):114-117.
DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2024.00025