INTRODUCTION:

Health is a dynamic condition resulting from a body's constant adjustment and adaptation in response to stress and changes in the environment for maintaining an inner equilibrium. Wellness is first and foremost a choice to assume responsibility for the quality of our life. It begins with a conscious decision to shape a healthy life style. It is important to maintain the balance of daily calories intake and their utilization by practicing physical activity remain the primary and most effective prevention strategy for diabetes management.¹

Diabetes mellitus is a global disease with an extreme effect of life of affected patients. Diabetes is a group of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The food that causes diabetes are sugar- sweetened beverages, sweetness, fried food, chips, processed meat, honey, brown Sugar, and an inactive lifestyle.²

Life style modifications can be very effective way to keep diabetes under control. There are seven essential self-care behaviors in people with diabetes which predict good outcomes. These are healthy eating, being physically active, monitoring of blood sugar, compliant with medications, good problem-solving skills, healthy coping skills and risk-reduction behaviors.³ A healthy diet, regular physical activity maintaining a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco use are way to delay or prevent the onset of type II diabetes. Diabetes can be treated and its consequences avoided or delayed with diet, physical activity, medication and regular screening and treatment for complications⁴

Some home remedies for diabetes to treat permanent cure are found to be highly beneficial in controlling the condition. Focus on eating only as much as your body needs. Get plenty of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.⁵ Choose nonfat dairy and lean meats. Limit foods that are high in sugar and fat. Fenugreek is a fibrous herb easily usable in the market, and it has properties to lower blood sugar levels and recover glucose tolerance of the body. Basil leaves reduce your blood glucose levels by increasing insulin in the blood.⁶

If patient taking insulin to manage type II diabetes, health care provider may recommend blood sugar testing several times a day, depending on the type and amount of insulin use. Testing is usually recommended before meals and at bedtime if patient taking multiple daily injections. Patient may need to test only before breakfast and sometimes before dinner or at bedtime if using just an intermediate or a long-acting insulin.⁷

Around 150 Million peoples suffered from diabetes in the World, out of that above 35 million are Indians, the highest in the world, so it is called Diabetic capital of world.⁸ Every fifth person who suffer from diabetes in the world today is an Indian.⁹ By 2030 Indian will have 79.4 Million diabetic projects of WHO (World Health Organization) that’s more than twice the current number over 35 million cases. No wonder India is the “Diabetic Capital of the World”¹⁰The estimates of IDF (2012) shows that current status is projected to increase to 552 million by 2030 and 90% of these people will have Type 2 diabetes.¹¹As Type 2 diabetes is progressing rapidly, the number of individuals with diabetes mellitus in India will be the highest in the world (79.4 million) in 2030, with the incidence of cases manifesting at younger ages.¹²s per as the Indian youth are concerned they are dominated mainly by the parents and other elders in the family .All the important decisions pertaining to their life are taken by them.¹³Despite of remarkable advancement in the management of diabetes by synthetic drugs, there has been a renewed interest in medicinal plants because they do not elicit any side effects.¹⁴These modifications may resolve constipation, reduce fat absorption, lower glycemic index and plasma insulin levels, alter colon fermentation and microbial proliferation, and reduce plasma cholesterol¹⁵. Therefore, adding recommended levels of DF to the diet is considered vital for normal intestine performance, good health, and for controlling major risk factors for diabetes, obesity, gallstones, hypercholesterolemia and heart disease¹⁶.

RESEARCH STATEMENT:

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding lifestyle modification in maintaining Blood Sugar Level among Diabetic Patients attending selected Private Clinics of District Mohali, Punjab

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the knowledge regarding lifestyle modifications in maintaining blood sugar level among diabetic patients attending selected private clinics of Mohali, Punjab.

2. To associate the research findings with their selected socio-demographic variables.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:

ASSESS: In this study, assess means to find out the knowledge of diabetic patients attending selected Private clinics of District. Mohali, Punjab

KNOWLEDGE: It refers to the appropriate response to items included in structured knowledge questionnaire on lifestyle modification.

LIFE STYLE MODIFICATION: It refers to changes in daily lifestyle which will help in maintaining blood sugar level.

DIABETES: It refers to a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) that results from defect in the secretion or action of insulin or both.

SELECTED PRIVATE CLINICS: It refers to the selected private clinics were endocrinologist clinics, where diabetic patients come for checkups. The selected private clinics of Mohali are MAX Hospital and Gupta`s multi-speciality clinics.

METHODOLOGY:

RESEARCH APPROACH: A quantitative research approach was adopted for the study.

RESEARCH DESIGN: Non-experimental Descriptive research design was considered appropriate for the study.

SETTING OF THE STUDY: Study was conducted in MAX Hospital and Gupta`s multi-speciality clinics.

TARGET POPULATION:

Target Population comprised of patients with type-II diabetic mellitus.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

Non probability convenient sampling technique was used for the study.

CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION

The inclusion as well as exclusion criteria used for the present study is as follow:

Inclusion criteria:

The study includes:

1. Patients who attending selected private Clinics for Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2. Patients who are willing to participate in the study

3. Patients who are between the age group of 20-50 years

Exclusion criteria:

The Study excludes:

1. Patients with type I Diabetes

2. Patients with other chronic diseases with Diabetes

DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL:

A self-structured tool to assess the level of participation and factors affecting participation of the patients of Type II Diabetes mellitus.

The tool consisted of following three sections:

Section-I: Socio-demographic data This section consisted of 10 items related to socio demographic data of Patients such as Age, Sex, Education status, Occupation, Type of family, Residential status , Socio- economic status, Information obtained about DM, Types of Food habits, Duration of disease.

Section-II: Self structured Questionnaire to assess the knowledge of Diabetic patients: This was multiple choice question with four options each regarding the life style modification in diabetes to assess the knowledge of diabetic patients. There were in total 30 questions.

RESULT:

Section I: Frequency and percentage distribution according to their socio demographic variables:

According to age, 26% of subjects were in age group of 51-65 years, 12% were in the age group of 36-50 years. It can be seen that 44% of subject were female and 36% were male. It 23 can be seen that 50% belongs to nuclear family and 30% belongs to joint family. Distribution of subjects in relation to their education status, revealed that 16% had no formal education followed by 11% were graduated and above. In working status most of the subjects 43% were self-employed and 9% are government employed. Regarding residential status, 45%were in urban area and 35% were in rural area. Around 63% of subjects belong to middle class and 8% to lower class. Regarding the information obtained about diabetes mellitus, 25% were family members, 18% were mass media and health education. Regarding food habits 48% were vegetarian and 41% were eggetarian. Around 45% subjects have duration of disease that is 0-5 years & 5% have 6-20 years.

SECTION- II

Table 1:- Frequency and percentage distribution of knowledge regarding lifestyle modifications in maintaining blood sugar level among diabetic patients N=100

Criteria Measure of Knowledge Score
Level of Scores	Percentage	Frequency
Good Knowledge.(21-30)	76%	76
Average Knowledge.(11-20)	20%	20
Poor Knowledge.(0-10)	4%	4
Maximum=30Minimum=00

Table 2: Knowledge score interpretation by Mean, Median, SD, Range, and Mean percentage

Descriptive Statistics

Mean

Median

S.D.

Maximum

Minimum

Range

Mean%

Knowledge

score

13.94

3.97

58.08

Maximum=30Minimum=0

SECTION- V

Table 1: Association of knowledge score with selected socio-demographic variables

The association between the level of score and socio-demographic variable. Based on objective Chi-square test was used to associate the level of knowledge with selected socio-demographic variable. The Chi-square value shows that there was significant association between the score level of age, educational status and duration of disease. The calculated chi-square values were more than the table value at the 0.05% level of s No significant association was found between level of score and other demographic variables such as sex, type of family, occupation, residential status, socio-economic status, types of food habits. The calculated chi-square values were less than the table value at the 0.05% level of significance.

IMPLICATIONS:

Nursing practice:

Nursing professionals are appointed as Nurse practitioners, Specialist in clinical nursing, Surgery nurse specialist, Cardiac nurses, Pediatric nurses, Geriatric nurses, Diabetic nurses and Generalist Nurses. The major beneficial contributors in DiabeticManagement of several health care provider around the world, nurses contribute to the major population and play a vital role in advancing patient outcome. Several clinical trials conducted earlier confirmed the nursing interventions were highly beneficial in positive outcome by efficiently educating patients and promoting health.

Nursing Education:

These methods of life-style modification and treatment modules were included in the nursing curriculum. Students were educated regarding Diabetes mellitus its treatment and life-style modification, so that students can educate the patient about these methods and how they can prevent incidences of Diabetes mellitus.

Nursing Administration:

The work nurse perform regarding diabetic mellitus patients have main purpose to provide client and family education. Drinking adequate water, skin care and foot care. Emphasize the importance of adjusting diet during illness, growth periods and administer anti-diabetic medications.

Nursing Research:

Nurses need to be actively engaged in all phases of research process, to address ongoing nursing practices. The present study information can be used by future researchers. The present study can be the source of review of literature for others who are conducting studies on similar topics.

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Received on 06.07.2023 Modified on 16.11.2023

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2024; 12(1):33-36.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2024.00007