A Study to Evaluate the effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching on Anxiety Level among patients undergoing Upper Gi Endoscopy in selected hospital at Rajkot

Rajal Chandrakantbhai Joshi, Suneesh P. M, Jeenath Justin Doss K.

¹Ⅱ Year M.Sc. Nursing MSN, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing

Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, B/H Shainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot – 360006.

²Guide, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing Opp. Ghanteshwar Park,

B/H Shainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot – 360006.

³Principal, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Opp. Ghanteshwar Park,

B/H Shainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot – 360006.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: joshirajal9@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

A Study to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on anxiety level among patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy at selected hospital at Rajkot. The objectives of the study was (a) To assess the pre-test and post-test level of anxiety regarding upper GI Endoscopy among patients of experimental group. (b) To assess the pre-test and post-test level of anxiety regarding upper GI Endoscopy among patients of control group. (c) To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching by comparing pre-test and post-test level of anxiety of experimental and control group undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. (d) To compare the post-test score of anxiety level among patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy between experimental and control group. (e) To find out the association between selected demographic variables and pre-test level of anxiety among patients undergoing upper GI Endoscopy. The research approach selected for the study was quantitative research. Research design is Quasi experimental: Non randomized control group design. The study conducted at selected hospital at Rajkot. Total 60 sample selected from hospital at Rajkot setting based on non probability purposive sampling technique. The researcher used HAM-A scale for data collection regarding demographic variables and pre-test. As part of my intervention HAM-A scale was given to patients of age group of 16-47 and above undergoing upper GI endoscopy at setting and the post-test score was measured with same HAM-A scale after 30 minutes at the same day. The collected data were analyzed by using inferential statistical method. T test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on anxiety level on patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy. The effectiveness of VAT on anxiety level among patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy experimental group pre-test mean 23.03 and post-test mean 12.56, the mean difference is 10.47 and the standard deviation pre-test 5.93 and post-test 7.34 obtaind. “t“value is 6.087** with degree of freedom 29(P=1.699)highly significant at 0.05 level of significance. Control group mean pre-test score is 24.83 and mean post-test score is 24.46. The mean difference is 0.37. Standard deviation of pre-test score is 3.75 and the post-test is 3.36. The obtained ‘t’ value is 0.404 with degree of freedom 29(1.699) 0.05 level of significance. Hence VAT is an effective source of imparting knowledge.

KEYWORDS: Evaluate, effectiveness, video assisted teaching, anxiety, upper GI endoscopy.

INTRODUCTION:

Endoscopy is a procedure which refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an endoscope. Endoscope is an instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike most other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ. The procedure is usually performed in a dedicated endoscopy unit in the hospital or outpatient unit. Anxieties in patient results due to lack of awareness about the procedure and fear of discomfort or pain. Prevention of anxiety during the examination is very much important, because of discomfort feeling, and due to which anxiety may increase the time of the procedure and cause more side effects in patients.¹

The pre-operative education must include relevant information about the type of endoscopic procedure and life style modification of the patients, which they will face in the perioperative periods. Preparation of a patient for any surgical procedure includes pre-operative education, which is a very important and common feature and always gives beneficial outcomes for the patient².

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Gastrointestinal endoscopy has been practiced for over 200 years. However, the use of endoscopy has increased due to the innovative endoscopy tools and medical methods. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) is a method for examining the upper gastrointestinal tract that is often referred to as upper endoscopy. This method is conducted with gastroscopy whereby oesophagus, stomach and duodenum (up to the third part and the fourth section) can be observed. Endoscopy of outpatients is associated with an increase in patient’s anxiety. However, investigations have shown no connection between anxiety and age, gender and type of procedure. Although some studies have indicated a remarkable average increase in the overt anxiety before endoscopy. An endoscopist usually pays little attention to the patients’s pain and anxiety.³

Patients who consent for endoscopy are usually anxious and concerned. Such anxiety can be caused by lack of information about the diagnostic procedure or worry about pain during endoscopy. In fact, endoscopy can cause anxiety which can eventually result in patients avoiding endoscopy. Unfortunately, presence of wrong beliefs such 5 as incidence of pain, the possibility of suffocation, or intensification of real concerns like the probability of infection transfer through endoscopy causes fear among patients and intensify anxiety³.

There are 75 million endoscopies performed in the U.S every year, and 51.5 million or 68 percent are gastrointestinal endoscopies.⁴ A retrospective analysis of the endoscopy records for both upper and lower gastrointestinal scopy available during the period of February 2017 to May 2018(16 months) in department of general surgery in our institution. Total diagnostic endoscopies done were 456. OGD was 429(94%) and colonoscopy was 27(6%). Mean age of the patients underwent OGD scopy was 50.7 years.⁵There is total 64.2% cases found of different upper GI problems in Gujarat.⁶

OBJECTIVESOF THE STUDY:

1. To assess the pre-test and post-test level of anxiety regarding upper GI Endoscopy among patients of experimental group.

2. To assess the pre-test and post-test level of anxiety regarding upper GI Endoscopy among patients of control group.

3. To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching by comparing pre-test and post-test level of anxiety of experimental and control group undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

4. To compare the post-test score of anxiety level among patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy between experimental and control group.

5. To find out the association between selected demographic variables and pre-test level of anxiety among patients undergoing upper GI Endoscopy.

HYPOTHESES:

H1: There will be significant reduction in anxiety level after video assisted teaching programme among patients undergoing upper GI Endoscopy in experimental group.

H2: The mean post-test score of anxiety level of experimental group will be lower than mean post-test score of anxiety level of control group.

H3: There will be significant association between selected demographic variables and pre-test level of anxiety among patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy of experimental group and control group.

MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY:

RESEARCH APPROACH:

A quantitative research approach will be adopted for this study.

RESEARCH DESIGN:

Quasi experimental: Non randomized control group design will selected for the study.

POPULATION:

· Accessible population: All the patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy with anxiety at Pratham Hospital, Rajkot.

· Target population: Patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy at selected hospital at Rajkot.

SAMPLE:

Sample size is 60 adults aged between 16-47 years and above who are admitted at Pratham Hospital at Rajkot. 30 experimental group, 30 control group.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

The research study was conducted by Non probability purposive sampling technique.

Data analysis and interpretation:

The collected data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULT:

MAJOR FINDINGS:

The major findings of the study include

MAJOR FINDING OF THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP STUDY

1. The majority 11 (36.67 %) sample’s age between 47 years and above.

2. The majority 19 (63.33%) sample’s gender are female.

3. The majority 14 (46.67%) sample’s educational status is illiterate.

4. The majority 15 (50%) sample’s religion is Hindu.

5. The majority 18 (60%) sample’s marital status are married.

6. The majority 15 (50%) sample’s having upper GI Bleeding.

7. The majority 19 (63.33%) sample’s had 1-3 days previous hospital stay.

8. The majority 16 (53.33%) sample’s had 1-5 days of previous hospital stay duration.

9. The majority 13 (43.34) sample’s personality is extrovert.

MAJOR FINDING OF THE CONTROL GROUP STUDY

1. The majority 9 (30%) sample’s age between 37-46 years.

2. The majority 16 (53.33%) sample’s gender are male.

3. The majority 14 (46.67%) sample’s educational status is 10th and 12th.

4. The majority 16 (53.33%) sample’s religion is Hindu.

5. The majority 14 (46.67%) sample’s marital status are married.

6. The majority 15 (50%) sample’s having upper GI Bleeding.

7. The majority 21 (70%) sample’s had 1-3 days previous hospital stay.

8. The majority 12 (40%) sample’s had 1-5 days of previous hospital stay duration.

9. The majority 14 (46.66%) sample’s personality is introvert.

With regards to effectiveness of VAT on anxiety level on patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy at selected hospital at Rajkot. Experimental group pre-test mean 23.03 and post-test mean 12.56, the mean difference is 10.47 and the standard deviation pre-test 5.93 and post-test 7.34 obtaind. “t“ value is 6.087** with degree of freedom 29(P=1.699) highly significant at 0.05 level of significance. Control group mean pre-test score is 24.83 and mean post-test score is 24.46. The mean difference is 0.37. standard deviation of pre-test score is 3.75 and the post-test is 3.36. The obtained ‘t’ value is 0.404 with degree of freedom 29(1.699) 0.05 level of significance. Hence VAT is an effective source of imparting knowledge.

With regard to significant association between pre-test level of anxiety among patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy with their selected demographic variables’ show that there is significant association between demographic variables and anxiety level.

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion from this present study is that most of the patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy had moderate and moderate to severe anxiety regarding procedure in pre-test. Experimental group improved to mild and moderate level of anxiety in post-test after receiving VAT and control group had moderate and moderate to severe anxiety level. This shows the imperative need to understand the purpose of the VAT regarding decreasing or relieving anxiety in patients undergoing upper GI Endoscopy.

REFERENCE:

1. What is endoscopy. Available from http://google.com/endoscopy definition & procedure.

2. Endoscopy: Preparation. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

3. Combined written and oral information prior to gastrointestinal scopy. Available from http://www.researchgate.net/gastroendoscopy.

4. Endoscopy performed per year. Available from http://www.google.com.

5. GI endoscopies. Available from http://www.beckersasc.com.

6. A. Bhatti, etiology of upper GI problems in Gujarat, available from http://reserchgate.net.

Received on 28.01.2023 Modified on 25.02.2023

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2023; 11(2):168-170.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2023.00038