INTRODUCTION:

“A mother’s joy begins when a new life is stirring inside when a tiny heart beat is heard from the very first time and playful kick reminds her that she is never alone”

Pregnancy is a unique, exciting and often joyous time in a woman’s life, as it highlights the woman’s amazing creative and nurturing powers while providing a bridge to the future. Pregnancy comes with some cost; however, a pregnant woman also needs to be a responsible woman so as to best support the health of her future child¹.

Every woman is a unique individual, and every pregnancy has unique sets of discomforts. Sometimes it is associated with problems of varying severity like Nausea and vomiting, heart burn, constipation, cramps, back ache, varicose vein, ankle edema and etc., Although such problems are often termed as ‘Minor disorders’, they are far form, the minor for women who experience it².

Among those minor disorders, nausea and vomiting is very common during pregnancy. Most pregnant mothers have at least some nausea and vomiting. It usually begins during the first month of pregnancy and continues until 14 to 16 weeks. nausea and vomiting should be viewed as a signal to the woman that her body is preparing for a new phase in her life³.

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

“Thousands of women could be saved each year if they had access to skilled care during pregnancy and child birth, and access to emergency obstetric care. Most of the interventions they need are simple, affordable and highly effective”⁴-----------------------------------“Dr. Lee Jong Wo”

“Nausea and vomiting” is the most common term used to describe the mother health that often comes during the first three months of pregnancy. Known medically as “Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy” (NVP), it is best described as episodic, day time pregnancy nausea and vomiting. - Although it occurs most commonly after waking in the morning, for many pregnant women it can happen all day⁵.

According to WHO, in World the total fertility rate was 2.7 and total fertility rate in India was 3.1% in the year 2000-2005. According to UNICEF data, in India the antenatal care coverage percentage in the year 2005-2006 was 74% and 47% of birth attended by skilled health personnel. According to Census of India, in Karnataka female population constitutes 49.11% of total population and the total fertility Hyperemesis gravidarum is the severe type of vomiting of pregnancy which has got deleterious effect on the health of the mother and/or incapacitates her in day to day activities. It affects 1 in 1000 pregnancies or 0.5-2%. 70-80% of pregnant women will endure nausea symptoms and 40-50% will experience vomiting. Although 20% of women will experience Nausea and vomiting for a longer period of time and 2% of these will suffer until baby is finally born. The incidence seems to higher among teenagers, women over age 35, women who are obese, non smokers or women with multiple pregnancies⁶.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

· To assess the level of nausea and vomiting among antenatal mothers.

· To evaluate the effectiveness of natural remedy in reduction of nausea and vomiting among the antenatal mothers in selected maternity hospital at Rajkot.

· To find out the association between selected demographic variables and post-test level of nausea and vomiting among antenatal mothers.

HYPOTHESES:

The hypothesis is tested at 0.05 level of significance.

· H1- There will be a significant reduction in the severity of nausea and vomiting among the antenatal mothers after receiving natural remedy (ginger powder and honey).

· H2-There will be a significant association between selected demographic variables and post-test level of nausea and vomiting among antenatal mothers.

ASSUMPTIONS:

· Pregnant mothers experience nausea and vomiting.

· Pregnant mothers require natural remedy to cope with nausea and vomiting.

· Consumption of ginger powder with honey decreases nausea and vomiting.

DELIMITATIONS:

The study is limited to

· Antenatal mothers who are having nausea and vomiting.

· Antenatal mothers who are in first and second trimester.

METHEDOLOGY:

RESEARCH APPROACH:

Quantitative research approach

RESEARCH DESIGN:

Quasi experimental time series research design

VARIABLES UNDER THE STUDY:

The variables under the study were independent variable and dependent variables.

Independent variable:

In this study the independent variable is Natural remedy (Ginger powder and honey) in reduction of nausea and vomiting.

Dependent variable:

In this study, it refers to the level of nausea and vomiting among antenatal mothers.

SETTING OF THE STUDY:

The study was conducted in om hospital, Rajkot. The maternity centre had an adequately equipped labour ward and recorded more than 100 deliveries per month. It registered more than 40 maternity outpatient cases per day and had 20 antenatal beds 12 postnatal beds and eight beds for gynaecological cases. It was located about 08 kilometres away from the institution. Research Setting refers to the area where the data collection will occur.

POPULATION:

Target population: Antenatal mothers

Accessible population: Antenatal mothers with nausea or vomiting attending antenatal hospital.

SAMPLE:

The sample of the study comprises the Antenatal mothers (first and second trimester).

SAMPLE SIZE:

Sample of the study consisted of 40 Antenatal mothers who are coming with early nausea or vomiting for regular Antenatal OPD in a selected maternity hospital.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

Non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample for the study.

SAMPLING CRITERIA:

Inclusion Criteria:

· Antenatal mothers who have nausea or vomiting in first and second trimester.

· Antenatal mothers who conceived naturally.

· Antenatal mothers who are willing to participate in the study.

· Antenatal mothers who are attending outpatient department from selected setting of study.

· Mothers who are present during the time of data collection.

Exclusion Criteria:

· Antenatal mothers who are having aversion towards ginger.

· Antenatal mothers who are taking antiemetic.

· Antenatal mothers who are practicing other alternative and complimentary therapies for nausea or vomiting.

· Antenatal mothers who are not willing to participate in the study.

· Mothers who are not present during the time of data collection.

DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL:

Selection and development of the tool:

The tool was prepared on the basis of objectives of the study. The following methods were used for the development of the tool by the investigator.

The tool comprises of two sections

Section A:

Demographic Variables

Section B:

Rhodes index scale for Nausea and vomiting

DESCRIPTION OF TOOL:

The tool for the data collection consists of two sections.

Section A:

Demographic Profile:

It is a self-designed structured questionnaire developed by the researcher herself. It consists of demographic data of the antenatal women such as age, religion, occupation, educational status, occupation, no. of children, any disorder, etc.

Obstetrical Profile:

It comprised of obstetrical data of the antenatal women such as gravida, para, last menstrual period, expected date of delivery, gestational age at present, tendency to take natural remedies for minor ailments and previous history of treatment for Nausea and vomiting.

Section B :

It consisted of modified Rhodes index scale. It was a modified tool developed by the researcher from the Rhodes index scale. It was used to assess the severity of nausea or vomiting before and after providing natural remedy in both groups. It measures duration, discomfort, frequency of nausea and discomfort, frequency, and amount of vomiting. The maximum score of this scale is 24 and minimum score is 6. According to the score obtained the samples are graded into 3 categories.

The major findings are summarized as follows:

The majority of patients with nausea and vomiting undergoing natural remedy 04 (10%) samples belongs to the age <21 years, majority 30(75%) belongs to age of 26-30 years, 05(12.5%) belongs to age of 21-25 years, 01(2.5%) belongs to age of >30 above. Regarding religion of antenatal mother, 32(80%) belonging from Hindu, 04(10%) were Muslim, 04(10%) were from Christian., educational status of antenatal mother, 02(05%) were no formal education, 08(25%) were primary education, 25(62.5%) were secondary education, 05(12.5%) were graduate & above., occupation of the antenatal mother, 20(50%) were labour, 10(25%) were social worker, 2(05%) were medical professor, 8(20) were house wives., parity of the antenatal mother, 30(75%) were primi para, 10(25%) were multi para., no. of children of the antenatal mother, majority 30(75%) sample belongs to the no. of children 0, 1(12.5%) belongs to 1 children, 3(75%) belongs to 2 children, 2(05%) belongs to 3 children., disease condition of antenatal mother, 15(37.5%) samples belongs to presence of disease, majority 25(62.5%) samples are no any disease condition., Regarding dietary pattern of antenatal mother, 25(62.5%) majority sample belongs to vegetarian, 10(12.5%) belongs to non-vegetarian, 5(25%) belongs to eggetarian. It hence the hypothesis stated, ‘’ there will be significant difference between pre-test and post-test It is inferred that natural remedy was effective in reducing the level of nausea and vomiting and improving the quality of life among antenatal mother in selected hospital. regarding at the level of p< 0.05 level’’ was accepted. And it is also observed that only duration of nausea or vomiting oral hygiene demographic variable was having significant association between effectiveness of natural remedy.

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion of the present study is that the antenatal mothers had severe and moderate nausea and vomiting during pre-test. In post-test due to this natural remedy (ginger powder and honey), nausea and vomiting improved to mild and moderate. This has shown imperative need and purpose of this natural remedy to reduce nausea and vomiting among the antenatal mothers.

REFERENCES:

1. Christine N, Martha S, Davis. Introduction to Maternal and Child Health Nursing. 1 st Ed. New York: Lippincott.

2. Bobak M, Irene and Niamath Maternity and Mothers‘s Health Care. 6th Ed 1997.

3. Lacasse A, Rey E, Ferreira E, et al. Epidemiology of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: prevalence, severity, determinants, and the importance of race/ethnicity. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2009; 9:26.

4. O’Brien B, Zhou Q. Variables related to nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Birth. 1995; 91–100.

5. Cedergen M, et al. Hyperemesis Gravidarum that requires hospitalization and the use of antiemetic drugs in relation to maternal body composition. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2008; 198: 418-425

6. Cunningham. A.S, Kimberly Beauchamp. The association between primary and dysmenorrhea and hyperemesis gravidarum. Journal of Medical Hypoteheses. 2009; 73(1): 90-91.

Received on 14.02.2023 Modified on 05.03.2023

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2023; 11(2):101-104.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2023.00023