INTRODUCTION:

“You don’t have to control your thoughts. You just have to stop letting them control you.” -Dan Millman

Suicide, from Latin suicidium, is defined as the act of internationally causing one’s own death. Suicide resulted in 828,000 global deaths in 2015. an increase from 71200 deaths in 1990.³ every year close to 800 000 people take their own life and there are many more people who attempt suicide. Every suicide is a tragedy that affects families, communities and entire countries and has long- lasting effects on the people left behind. Suicide does not just occur in high-income countries, but is a global phenomenon in all regions of the world. In fact, over 79% of global suicides occurred in low- and middle-income countries in 2016.⁴

It is estimated that approximately 1.5% of all deaths worldwide are by suicide in the year 2020. The suicide mortality rate in 2015 was 12% in 100,000, which means about one death every 20 s. Rates of completed suicides are generally higher among men than among women, ranging from 1.5 times as much in the developing world to 3.5 times in the developed world. There are an estimated 10 to 20 million non-fatal attempted suicides every year. The estimated global annual prevalence of self-reported suicide attempts is approximately 3 per 1,000 adults. About 2.5% of the population makes at least one suicide attempt during their lifetime.⁵

GVK EMRI in partnership with Government of Gujarat launched suicide prevention helpline 104 (health helpline). Launch of suicide prevention helpline in Gujarat by deputy chief minister Shri Nitin Patel on 23 Sep, 2019. In this age of fierce competition, high stress levels and depression at failure is taking it is tall with 1 suicide taking place every 40 seconds globally with India contributing 2.30 lakh person succumbing to it annually. Suicide has attained 2nd rank in cause of death among 15- 39 age group persons globally. In India, 1student commits suicide every hour. Behind every suicide, there are at least 20 attempts to commit suicide. Gujarat became the first state in the country where GVK EMRI in partnership with Government of Gujarat launched suicide prevention helpline that will offer 24- hour counseling facility as an extension of 104 services in Gujarat by deputy chief minister Shri Nitin Patel on 23sep. 2019. This initiative was taken up by GVK EMRI with concern and action plan shared by a young student Miss Eshita kalindindi. India's youth icon Miss PV sindhu as GVK EMRI's brand ambassador for the suicide prevention helpline launched in Gujarat.24×7 toll free no. to seek help when depressed. Anyone can access services. Counseling from expert counselors. Linkage to support group (Dial 100 or 181 WHL or NGO support group) for reducing cause for depression.²

NEED OF THE STUDY:

A large number of persons with the psychiatric disorders are not seeking treatments due to various reasons thus contributing to the huge treatment gap. One of the ways to bring these people into treatment is through telephonic help lines. In the city of Chandigarh, there were 130 suicides during 2003. As compared to 130 suicides in year 2003, the total number of suicides in the city was 75 in 2004, 89 in 2005, 80 in 2006, 82 in 2007, 83 in 2008, 75 in 2009, 71 in 2010, and 105 in 2011.⁶

About 8,00,000 people die by suicide worldwide every year, In, India, approximately 46,000 suicides occurred in each of the age groups 15-29 and 30 – 44 in 2012, accounting for approximately 34% of all suicides the most common ways to commit suicide in 2012 were poisoning (33%), hanging (26%), and self-immolation (9%).⁷

There were online news media reports of 369 cases of suicide and attempted suicide during COVID lockdown VS 220 reports in 2019, 67.7% increase in online news media reports of suicide behavior. Compared to 2019, suicide reported during lockdown Were significantly older (30vs 50 vs., p<0.05), men (71.2%vs 58.7%, p<0.01), married (77.7% vs. 49%; p<0.01) and employed (82.9% vs 59.5%; p<0.01).⁸

A media report analysis study 2020, in this context, we would like to report findings from our evaluation of news article, published online between January 2018 and September 2020, that discussed students’ suicide in relation to the NEET examination. In 2020, the exam was held on 13^thSeptember, and the results are still awaited. The peak of suicides related to NEET examination, which used to happen in June, seems to have shifted to September in 2020, with nine suicides. Academic challenges were reported to be the most common attributing factor (in 65% of cases, n=21), anxiety regarding the exam was reported in 78% (n=11) of student suicide in 2020. Hanging (n=21, 65%), drowning (n=4, 13%) and poisoning (n=3, 9%) were the leading cause of suicide.⁹

In 2019, the age groups 18 - 30 and 30 – 45 years accounted for 35.1% and 31.8% suicides in India, respectively. Combined, this age of young adults accounted for 67% of total suicides. Thus, out of the total 1.39 lakh total suicides in India, 93,061 were young adults. Compared to 2018, youth suicide rates have risen by 4%. In 2019 there were 22,390 suicides reported in the largest 53 mega cities of India in 2019. The year 2019 recorded the highest number of death of student due to suicide 10,335 in the last 25 years. India lost more than 1.7 lakh students to suicide. Majority of suicide were reported in Maharashtra (18,916) followed by 13,493 suicides in Tamilnadu, 12,665 suicides in west Bengal, 12,457 suicide in Madhyapradesh and 11,288 suicides in Karnataka, (7655) in Gujarat. Family problems and illness were the major causes of suicides which accounted for 32.4% and 17% of total suicides respectively during 2019.¹⁰

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

“A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of self-instructional module regarding awareness of suicide prevention helpline number among people of selected area of Mehsana city”

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1. To assess the knowledge regarding awareness of suicide prevention helpline number among people.

2. To assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding awareness of suicide prevention helpline number among people.

3. To find out the association between knowledge with their selected demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS:

H0: There will be no significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score regarding suicide prevention helpline number among people at 0.05 level of significance.

H1: There will be significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score regarding suicide prevention helpline number among people after administration of self-instructional module at 0.05 level of significance.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Quasi experimental one group Pretest / Post test research design and Quantitative Approach. Effectiveness of self- instructional module regarding awareness of suicide prevention helpline number among people of selected area of Mehsana city. The data were collected from 100 people. “Probability flip coin” sampling technique were used. A structured knowledge questionnaire was selected to assess the awareness regarding suicide prevention helpline number.

RESULTS:

Demographic data was analyzed using frequency and percentage. Frequencies, percentage, mean, mean percentage (%) and standard deviation was used to determine the awareness score. The‘t’ value was computed to show the effectiveness of Self- instructional module and chi-square test was done to determine the association between the pretest awareness of people with selected demographic variables.

Finding related to demographic data:

In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including majority 40 (40%) of the participants belong to the age group of 35-39 years, 28 (28%) belong to the age group of 30-34 years, 20(20%) belongs to the age group of 25-29 years, 10(10%) belongs to the age group of 20-24 years and least 02 (02%) belong to the age group of 15-19 years. Majority 79(79%) of the participants were male, 21(21%) of the participants were females and 0(0%) transgender participant. Majority 78(78%) of the participants were married, 24(24%) of the participants were the unmarried and 0(0%) participants from divorced and widow/widower. Majority 65(65%) of the participants were studied up to higher secondary, 28(28%) of the participants were studied up to primary, 07(07%) of the participants were studied up to graduate, 0(0%) participants were belongs to secondary and post graduates. Majority 45(45%) of the participants were daily wage earners, 29(29%) of the participants were belong to other occupation, 20(20%) of the participants were private employee, 6(6%) of the participants were businessmen and 0(0%) participants belongs to government employee. Majority 51(51%) of the participants belongs to the joint family, 49(49%) of the participants belong to the nuclear family and 0(0%) participants belongs to the extended family. Majority 66 (66%) of the participants belongs to the middle class, 25(25%) of the participants belongs to the higher class, 9(9%) of the participants belongs to the lower class and 0(0%) participants belongs to the below poverty. Majority 100(100%) of the participants not having family history of common mental illness, 0(0%) of the participants belongs to family history of depression, 0(0%) of the participants belongs to family history of mania, 0(0%) of the participants belongs to schizophrenia. Majority 100(100%) of the participants never try to attempt suicide, Majority 100(100%) of the participants not aware about suicide prevention helpline number.

Finding related to pre and post knowledge score:

Pretest Maximum 57(57%) of the participants were having poor knowledge, 43(43%) participants having average knowledge regarding suicide prevention helpline number in pre test.

Posttest there was marked improvement in the knowledge of sample with majority 62(62%) of the participants having good knowledge and 38(38%) of the participants having average knowledge in post test.

It was inferred from the below table that the Self- instructional module was effectiveness in improving awareness regarding suicide prevention helpline number among people.

Finding related to effectiveness of structured teaching programme:

Table 1: Distribution of subject on paired‘t’ test between pretest and posttest awareness score regarding suicide prevention helpline number.

Parameter

Mean

Standard

Deviation

Mean %

‘t’ value

Pre-test

8.08

4.679

32.32%

t=15.959^*

Post-test

18.31

4.388

73.24%

Finding related to association between pretest awareness score of people with selected demographic variables:

the association between the pre-test level of awareness and socio demographic variable. Based on the Third objectives used to chi- square test to associate the level of awareness and selected demographic variable. The chi square value show that ten significances between Age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, type of family, socio- economic condition of the family, family history of common mental illness, have you ever try to attempt suicide, aware of suicide prevention helpline number demographic variable and pre– test knowledge score. The calculated chi – square value was less than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance.

CONCLUSION:

The present study was a study to assess the effectiveness of self- instructional module regarding awareness of suicide prevention helpline number among people of selected area of Mehsana city. Under the guidance of Dr. Jayesh V. Patidar. Permission to conduct the study was taken from the municipality office of Mehsana city. Permission given by chief officer of Mehsana Municipality Corporation. Study conducted by using quasi- experimental research design. Sample was collected by Random sampling method, which was flip coin method. The pilot study conducted among 10 samples and Main study conducted among 100 samples. The instruction about pre- test and post –test to the participants before the study was conducted. The investigator herself administered the self- structured questionnaire for the pre-test and post-test. The duration of data collection for each sample was 15 to 20 minutes. The self- instructional module was disseminated to the people after pre-test and a brief introduction. The post –test was conducted on 7^th day respectively after supplementing them with self- instructional module. Data analysis was done by the investigator after completion of the post- test. After completion of the pilot study and main study the investigator concludes that people of Mehsana city not completely aware about suicide prevention helpline number before self- instructional modules administered.

REFERENCE:

1. Nightingale nursing times, how can suicide be prevented, January 2006; (10):59. http://www.healthlawyers.org/Publications/Journal/Document

2. Suicide prevention helpline – GVK EMRI. https://www.emri.in/suicidepreventionhelpline-GVK EMRI

3. Suicide prevention Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/suicide

4. WHO preventing suicide a global imperative. Geneva: World Health Organization (2021). https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/suicide

5. Blisen J. suicide and Youth: Risk factors front psychiatry.2018; 9:540. www.frontiersin.org

6. Bir singh chavan, Role of 24-hour telephonic helpline in delivery of mental health services May 2012 https://pubmed.ncbi.nih.gov/23806984

7. Suicides in India. The Registrar General of India, Government of India. 2012 https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/suicide-11pdf

8. Pathare, Analysis of news media reports of suicides and attempted suicides during the COVID -19 lockdown in India. 1-19(2020) https://ijmhs.biomedcentral.com

9. Kar SK, prevalence of anxiety and depression among students appearing for NEET Examination Vol.9, No. 3(2020) https://www.ijemph.com/index.php/ijemph/article/view/9481/0

10. Suicides in India. The registrar General of India, Government of India. 2019 https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/adsi2019-chapter-2-suicide.pdf

Received on 18.08.2022 Modified on 14.09.2022

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2022; 10(4):313-316.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2022.00072