Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Injection safety among staff nurses
1Principal, MGM, Mother Teresa College of Nursing, Aurangabad.
2,31sryr M.Sc. Nursing, student, Mother Teresa College of Nursing, Aurangabad.
4,5Community Health Officer, Aurangabad.
6Staff Nurse, Mission Corporation, Hospital, Aurangabad.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: kambleanjali862@gmail.com
Injection is invasive procedure and done frequently in each nurses duty time; therefore, good knowledge and safe practice play important role in avoiding transmission of disease or injuries.1 The present study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice on injection safety among staff nurses in MGM Hospital at Aurangabad. A descriptive research design used to conduct the study. In this study non probability purposive sampling technique has been adopted to select the sample. 100 staff nurses were selected from MGM Hospital Aurangabad. Results of the study show that, among all staff nurses (64%) were having average knowledge, (84%) were having positive attitude, and (69%) were having average practice. The study concludes that the staff nurses working in the clinical area having average knowledge, positive attitude and average practice regarding injection safety.
KEYWORDS: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Injection Safety, Staff Nurses.
Medical treatment is intended to save life and improve health workers, especially nurses as the most populated healthcare workers who spend the most time with the patients, have responsibility to prevent transmission of health care associated infections. Adherence to safe injection practices and related infection control is a part of that responsibility as it protect patients and health workers.2
Injection is invasive procedures and done frequently in each nurses duty time; therefore, good knowledge and safe practice play important role in avoiding transmission of disease or injuries. Injection can be given intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermal or subcutaneously.
Injections are among the most frequently used medical procedures, with an estimated 20 billion injections administered each year worldwide. Majority (more than 90%) of these injections are administered for curative purpose. World Health Organization (WHO) defines injection safety as “an injection that is administered using appropriate equipment, does no harm to the recipient, does not expose the provider to any avoidable risk and does not result in any waste that is dangerous to community people”.1
World Health Organization estimate that annually 16 billion injections are given in developing and transitional countries with and annual mean of 1.5 injections per person per year. Injection safety or safe injection practices, is a set measures taken to perform injection in an optimally safe manner for patient, healthcare personnel and other. Prevent transmission of infection from patient to patient, patient to provider, provider to patient. Injection is found as most common health care procedure in both formal and informal health care sector in now a day. It is estimated that each year at least 50%
of the world’s injection are administered unsafe, mainly in developing countries which are unnecessary. The practices of unsafe injection not only harm the patient but also carry risk to the Health Care Workers (HCW).1 in the care of patients, and in carrying out procedures, through adherence to standard precautions that has been shown to reduce the risk of exposure to needle sticks, blood and body fluids. The level of practice of this precaution by Health Care Workers may differ from one type Health Care Workers to another probably due to the differences in knowledge may be influenced by their varying type of training, the Absence of enabling environment in the health institution. It therefore become important to assess the level of knowledge and practice of universal precaution by trained nurses, who make direct contact with patient.2
A study to assess knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on injection safety among staff nurses in MGM hospital at Aurangabad.
1. To assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding injection safety.
2. To assess the attitude of staff nurses regarding injection safety.
3. To assess the practice of nurses regarding injection safety.
4. To determine association between the knowledge of staff nurses and demographic variables.
• Staff nurse have average knowledge regarding injection safety.
• Knowledge about injection safety, it helps to reduced needle stick injury.
Research approach:
A descriptive research approach.
Descriptive study design.
MGM Hospital, Aurangabad.
100 staff nurses working at MGM Hospital, Aurangabad.
Non-probability purposive sampling technique.
Inclusion criteria:
· Staff nurses working in MGM Hospital Aurangabad,
· Staff nurses who completed GNM, B.Sc., P.B.Bsc. nursing
Staff nurses who are not available during data collection
The tool used for the study was structured knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire
Tool consists of four sections:
Section A- consists of items regarding the demographic variables such as age, gender, Education, year of working experience, immunization against Hep. B, Training on injection safety, needle stick injury in last 6 month, area of working etc.
Section B- self-administered knowledge questionnaire.
Section C- self-administered Attitude scale.
Section D- observed Practice through check list
Formal written permission is taken by authorities to conduct study. An informed consent was taken from the staff nurses willing to participate in the study. Samples were selected from MGM Hospital Aurangabad.
The data obtain and analysed in term of achieving the objective of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. The plan of data analysis is as follows
1. Descriptive statistics- Frequencies and percentages were used for analysis of demographic data.
2. Inferential statistics- Chi-square for association of knowledge with demographic variable
The data collected from staff nurses has been organize and presented under the following heading
Table 1. Frequency and percentage distribution of the demographic variable regarding injection safety among staff nurses. N=100
knowledge and 3% had poor knowledge.
Table 1 indicates that majority 37% respondents were in the age group of 26-30 year, 91% were female, 88% completed RGNM, 60% had 0-5 year of working experience, majority 78% had vaccinated against HBV,77% received training injection safety,46% not had needle stick injuries in last 6 month, maximum 82% staff nurses were working in General ward.
Fig.1.Analysis of knowledge score on injection safety
Figure 1 Reveals that among staff nurses majority 64% had average knowledge, followed by 33% had good
Fig.2 Analysis of the attitude score on injection safety
Figure 2 Revels that among staff nurses majority 84% had positive attitude and 16% had negative attitude towards injection safety
Fig.3 Analysis of the practices score on injection safety
Figure 3- Revels that among staff nurses majority, 69% had average practice, followed by 5% had good practice and 26% had poor practice regarding injection safety.
Table 2-Association of knowledge score of staff nurses with selected demographic variable N=100
Sr. No. |
Demographic variables |
Sample |
Poor |
Average |
Good |
Chi Square |
Result |
|||||
n |
% |
n |
% |
n |
% |
df |
|
P value |
||||
1. Age ( In years) |
||||||||||||
|
a) 21-25 yr. |
31 |
1 |
1% |
22 |
22% |
8 |
8% |
3 |
1.82 |
0.597 |
NS |
|
b) 26-30 yr. |
37 |
2 |
2% |
20 |
20% |
15 |
15% |
||||
|
c) 31-35 yr. |
20 |
0 |
0% |
12 |
12% |
8 |
8% |
||||
|
d) 36 & above |
12 |
0 |
0% |
8 |
8% |
4 |
4% |
||||
2. Gender |
||||||||||||
|
a) Male |
14 |
0 |
0% |
6 |
6% |
7 |
7% |
1 |
2.52 |
0.112 |
NS |
|
b) Female |
86 |
3 |
3% |
56 |
56% |
27 |
27% |
3. Education |
||||||||||||
|
a) RGNM |
77 |
3 |
3% |
48 |
48% |
26 |
26% |
3 |
0.945 |
0.815 |
NS |
|
b) B B.Sc. |
15 |
0 |
0% |
9 |
9% |
6 |
6% |
||||
|
c) PB BSc |
7 |
0 |
0% |
4 |
4% |
3 |
3% |
||||
4. Year of working experience |
||||||||||||
|
a)0-5 yr. |
63 |
3 |
3% |
39 |
39% |
21 |
21% |
3 |
3.18 |
0.365 |
NS |
|
b)6-10 yr. |
29 |
0 |
0% |
18 |
18% |
11 |
11% |
||||
|
c)11-15 yr. |
5 |
0 |
0% |
2 |
2% |
3 |
3% |
||||
|
d)16 & above |
3 |
0 |
0% |
3 |
3% |
0 |
0% |
||||
5. Immunization against Hep. B |
||||||||||||
|
a)Yes |
73 |
3 |
3% |
46 |
46% |
24 |
24% |
2 |
1.50 |
0.472 |
NS |
|
b)No |
27 |
0 |
0% |
16 |
16% |
11 |
11% |
||||
6. Training on injection safety |
||||||||||||
|
a)Yes |
70 |
1 |
1% |
42 |
42% |
27 |
27% |
2 |
2.92 |
0.232 |
NS |
|
b)No |
30 |
2 |
2% |
20 |
20% |
8 |
8% |
|
|
|
|
7. Needle stick injury in last 6 month |
||||||||||||
|
a)Once |
37 |
1 |
1% |
15 |
15% |
21 |
21% |
4 |
12.5 |
0.014 |
S |
|
b)More than one |
23 |
1 |
1% |
17 |
17% |
5 |
5% |
||||
8. Area of working |
||||||||||||
|
a)General ward |
81 |
3 |
3% |
51 |
51% |
27 |
27% |
2 |
1.11 |
0.57 |
NS |
|
b)ICU ward |
19 |
0 |
0% |
11 |
11% |
8 |
8% |
|
|
|
|
*NS-non significant
*S- Significant
Table 2: Depicts that, there was significant association found between Knowledge and frequency of needle stick injury in last 6 months. There was no significant association between knowledge and other variables.
Present study results depicts that majority among all staff nurses (64%) were having average knowledge, (84%) were having positive attitude, and (69%) were having average practice. The study concludes that the staff nurses working in the clinical area having average knowledge, positive attitude and average practice regarding injection safety.
In this present study, majority (64%) had average knowledge, followed by (33%) had good knowledge and (3%) had poor knowledge. These findings correlate to the study conducted by, Hari P.K. et al. Pokhara, study revealed that (57.7%) had Good, (29.1%) had average and (13.2%) had poor level of awareness on injection safety.3 Similar results were also found in the study conducted by Regina E, Ella et al. UCTH, Nigeria, revealed that (59.7%) of the respondents had high knowledge, (35.6%) respondents had fair knowledge, while (4.7%) of nurses had poor knowledge regarding injection safety.4
In Present study, majority (84%) participants were having positive attitude towards injection safety, similar result shows in study done by Adejumo P.O. et al. University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Shows that (59%) have positive attitude to injection safety.2
In this study among staff nurses majority, (69%) had average practice, followed by (5%) had good practice and (26%) had poor practice regarding injection safety. Similar study was carried by Regina E, Ella et al. UCTH, Nigeria, showed that (65.9%) of the respondents (nurses) had good practice of injection safety, (27.2%) of the respondents fairly practiced injection safety, while (6.8%) had poor practice of injection safety.4
From the present study the result revel that staff nurse working in the clinical area having (64%) Average knowledge, (84%) positive attitude, (69%) average practice regarding injection safety, that there is significant association between the knowledge and frequency of needle stick injury in last 6 months. Though most of the nurses had good level of awareness regarding injection safety but in practical injection safety precautions were not followed properly.
It can be recommended that the nurse educator should conduct educational program for staff nurses regarding injection safety. To provide the written policy regarding injection safety. In the view of the findings limitation of the present study following recommendation are offered for further research. The study can be repeated on large scale sample to validate and for better generalization of findings. The study can be conducted in the different hospital. A comparative study can be undertaken between two hospitals.
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Received on 29.01.2021 Modified on 17.05.2021
Accepted on 01.07.2021 © A and V Publications all right reserved
Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2021; 9(4):420-424.
DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2021.00097