A Descriptive Study to assess the knowledge and Attitude of Coronary Artery Disease risk factors among adults in Christian Mission Hospital at Madurai, Tamilnadu

Prof. Dr. JeyaThanga Selvi¹, Prof. Juliana Shanthi Rosy²

¹HOD, Medical Surgical Nursing, C.S.I Jeyaraj Annapackiam College of Nursing, Madurai, Tamilnadu.

²Principal, Droan College of Nursing, Rudrapur, Uttarakhand.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: jayatselvi16@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Cardiovascular diseases are the world’s largest killers, claiming 17.1 million lives a year. Tobacco use, an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. CAD which encompasses Acute Myocardial infarction, Angina pectoris, and Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge on CAD risk factors among adults. 2. To assess the attitude on CAD risk factors among adult. 3. To find out the correlation between the knowledge and attitude on CAD risk factors among adults. 4. To find out association between knowledge and attitude on CAD risk factors with selected demographic variable among adults. Hypothesis: H_1-there is a significant relationship between the knowledge and attitude regarding CAD risk factors among adults.H_2-there is a significant association between the knowledge and attitude on CAD risk factors with selected demographic variables among adults. Methodology: The research design of the study was descriptive in nature. The sample size for this study is 30 adult patients between the ages of 20 – 60 years. Samples for this study were selected through convenience sampling technique. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and chi square. Results: Results show that majority of adult patient’s adequate knowledge (73.3%) and favorable attitude (100%) on CAD. The obtained “r” value for correlation between knowledge and attitude was 0.802, which was highly positive.

KEYWORDS: Coronary Artery Disease, CAD, risk factors.

INTRODUCTION:

Today among all the chronic illness, CAD is one of the major illness to be paid attention to as the incidence and prevalence is increasing. This trend has been predicted to continue until 2020 (Murrey and Lopez (1997) and WHO (2005).² CAD which encompasses Acute Myocardial infarction, Angina pectoris, and Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world.³The good news is that by following a healthy lifestyle and taking medicines as prescribed by doctor, can reduce or remove overall risk of developing coronary heart disease.⁴

SIGNIFICANCE AND NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Among the many health predictions for the new millennium, the most alarming is that of cardio vascular disease.⁵ The prevalence of CAD worldwide will increase over the next 20 years as developing countries continue to adopt western lifestyle.⁶Despite efforts to decrease its incidence over last several decades, CAD is the prime cause of mortality in adults. The impact of coronary heart disease on the ability to perform activities of daily living is enormous.⁷The pattern of CAD in India has been reported to be, 1. CAD appears a decade earlier compared with the age incidence in developing countries. The peak period is attained between 51-60 years 2. Males were affected more than females 3. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus account for 40% of outcomes.4. Heavy smoking. This study would be useful contribution for creating awareness to the adults regarding CAD.⁷ Nurses play a vital role in educating the peoples, essentially adults in order to prevent the occurrence of CAD.⁸ As prevention is better than cure, many health problems can be prevented at early stage through education. Based on this fact, the researchers felt the need to assess the risk factors and improve the knowledge and attitude of CADs among adults in order to prevent consequences/ complications of CAD.⁹

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the knowledge on CAD risk factors among adults.

2. To assess the attitude on CAD risk factors among adults.

3. To find out the correlation between the knowledge and attitude on CAD risk factors among adults.

4. To find out association between knowledge and attitude on CAD risk factors with the selected demographic variable among adults.

HYPOTHESIS:

H_{1 –}There is a significant relationship between the knowledge and attitude regarding CAD risk factors among adult.

H₂- There is a significant association between the knowledge and attitude on CAD risk factors with selected demographic variables.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Quantitative approach was adopted for this study in order to achieve desired outcome/goal. The research design selected for this study is descriptive co-relational design in which examining the relationship between two or more variables without manipulation or control. The study was conducted in Christian mission hospital, Madurai. The samples for the present study were the adult patients between 20-60 years admitted at Christian mission hospital, who full fill the sampling criteria and the sample size for this study is 30 adult patients. Sampling technique used was through convenience sampling technique.

Sampling criteria:

Inclusion criteria were adult patients who were between 20-60 years of age, both male and female who are willing to participate, who are able to understand Tamil/English who are available at the time of data collection. Exclusion Criteria were Adult patients with Known case of CAD, those who are with other heart diseases.

Description of the tool

Part I: Demographic data such as age, sex, educational status, occupation, and area of living. Part II: Structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge among adult patients on CAD. Part III: 3 Point Likert scale to assess the attitude among adult patients on CAD.

Validity and reliability of the tool:

The tool was evaluated for appropriateness, adequacy, relevance, completeness and comprehensiveness. Comments and suggestions were invited and appropriate modifications were made accordingly and the tool was refined and finalized after establishing the validity. The reliability of the tool was elicited by test - retest method. The Karl Pearson’s co-efficient of correlation was computed and the reliability was found to be 0.86 for the knowledge and 0.86 for the attitude, which was highly, positively correlated. The tool was found to be reliable.

RESULTS:

Figure 1 Level of knowledge of adult patients on CAD

Figure 1 reveals that among 30 adult patients none of them were with inadequate knowledge, 8(26.6%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 22(73.3%) had adequate knowledge on CAD.

Figure-2 Level of Attitude of Adult Patients on CAD

Figure 2 reveals that among 30 adult patients, all of them 30(100%) had favorable attitude and 0% none of them had unfavorable attitude on CAD.

Majority 73.3% of adult patients had adequate knowledge, 26.6% moderately adequate knowledge and 0% had inadequate knowledge. It shows majority of adult patients have got adequate knowledge on CAD. All 100% of adult patients had favorable attitude and 0% had unfavorable attitude. It shows all adult patients have got favorable attitude on CAD. There was a significant association of knowledge regarding CAD with the selected demographic variables such as age, sex, education, work pattern and area of living. There was a significant association of attitude regarding CAD with the selected demographic variables such as age, sex, education, work pattern and area of living. The obtained knowledge score was 11.5 with the standard deviation of 2.14. The obtained Attitude mean score was 27.4 with the standard deviation of 3.48. The obtained “r” value was 0.802 which was highly positive correlation. It is inferred that there is a no significant relationship between Knowledge and Attitude of adult patients on CAD. Majority of the adult patients in the age group of 20-30 years, female, educated, sedentary worker on CAD. The knowledge regarding CAD was adequate among adult patients. The attitude also showed the majority of the adult patients had favorable attitude regarding CAD. There was a significant association of knowledge regarding CAD with the selected demographic variables such as age, sex, education, work pattern, area of living. There was a significant association of attitude regarding CAD with the selected demographic variables such as age, sex, education, work pattern, area of living.

REFERENCES:

1. Ansari and Kaur (2007), Medical Surgical Nursing, (1^sted.) Jalandhar, Vikasand company Medical publishers. (780 – 787)

2. Basavanthappa, B. (2007) B, Nursing Research, (2^nded.) New Delhi, Jaypeebrothers’ medical publishers. (442 – 475)

3. Barbara K. Timby et.al (2007), Introductory Medical Surgical Nursing, (9^thed.) Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. (470 – 477)

4. Brunner and Suddarth’s (2008), Medical Surgical Nursing. (11^thed) London, Lippincott Publications. (713 - 715)

5. Christensen Kockrow (2011), Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, (6^thed.) Missouri, Mosby publications. (1556 – 1563)

6. Achari. V et.al (2004), Association of modifiable risk factors among patients with Coronary artery disease – a retrospective analysis. Journal of the Association of Physicians in India. 2(52) 103 – 108

7. Amy J. Barton (2006), Cardiovascular risk in Hispanic and Non – Hispanic preschoolers 55(3) 172 – 179

8. Aparna Kuna et.al (2010), Preventing Cardiovascular Disease through a healthy diet and lifestyle, Health action 17 – 23

9. Ashvaid T. F et.al (2004), Health status of Indian Population – current scenario. Journal of the Association of Physicians in India. 5(52) 359 – 61

10. Deepa R et.al (2002), Diabetes and risk factors for Coronary artery disease. Current Science. 83(12) 47 – 55

11. Mohan. V et.al (2004), Risk Factors for coronary artery disease in Indians. JAPI 52(2) 95 -97

12. Narmatha R et.al (2009), Knowledge gaps and Misconceptions about coronary heart disease from http://www.nicb.nlm.nlm.nih.gov

13. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy people 2010(2009), understanding and improving health and objectives for improving health from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hphome.htm

14. Forde OH et.al (2009), Risk factors for coronary heart disease related to the occurrence of myocardial infarction in first degree relatives from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/848473

15. National Heart foundation of Australia and Cardiac society of Australia and New Zeeland (2008), Reducing risk in heart disease from http://www.heartfoundation.org.au/document/NHF/reducingrisk_heartdisease.

Received on 10.02.2021 Modified on 21.03.2021

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2021; 9(3):262-264.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2021.00062