Effectiveness of Psycho-education on emotional maturity among young adults in selected colleges of Mysuru

Aswani PS¹, Mr. Santhosh Kumar², Prof. Sheela Williams³

¹M.Sc Nursing Student, JSS College of Nursing, Mysuru.

²Assisstant Professor, Mental Health Nursing, JSS College of Nursing, Mysuru.

³Principal, JSS College of Nursing, Mysuru.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: achubab91@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Background of the study: A man's life is normally divided into five stages namely: infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and oldage. Every stage has its significance in terms of biological and psychological transition which in-turn influences the behaviour, among these stages the pivotal transformation occurs between childhoods to adolescence, which is also termed as biological stress. Adolescents is a transitional stage of physical and mental human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood, this transition involves biological (i.e. Pubertal), social, and psychological changes, shown in their personality traits. A person’s emotional reaction to a happening depends both upon the nature of the happening itself and upon his own inner state. Aim: The aim of this study to assess the effectiveness of Psycho-education on emotional maturity among young adults in selected colleges of Mysuru Methods: In the study pre test –post test design is used and non probability convenience sampling was adopted to select 60 young adults were selected from yuvaraj college and St. Joseph college Mysuru. Pilot Study was conducted, the tool and study design were found to be feasible. On day 1 data was collected using Modified Emotional maturity scale among young adults following Psycho-education was given for experimental group for next 7 successive days. Post test was conducted on day 14^th day among both experimental and control group. The tools and study design were found to be feasible. The reliability was established by split-half method for Modified emotional maturity scale which intended to assess the emotional maturity of the young adults. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The analysis of the findings revealed that, the mean difference between the pre test Emotional maturity scores of young adults in Experimental and Control group was 0.06. To find the significance of difference in Mean pre test Emotional maturity scores among Experimental and Control group, Independent ‘t’ was computed and obtained the value Independent ‘t’₍₅₈₎=.006 was found to be not significant.Hence it is inferred that there is no statistically significant difference between mean pre test Emotional maturity scores of young adults in Experimental and Control group and hence both the group were started from equivalent base line. the mean difference between the mean pre-test and mean post-test Emotional maturity scores of Experimental group was 34.87. It indicates that there is an increase in Emotional maturity scores of young adults in Experimental group as they have undergone Psycho-education on Emotional maturity. To find the significance difference in the pre test and post test Emotional maturity scores in the Experimental group, paired t-test was computed and the obtained the value of t₍₂₉₎ is 9.02 was found to be significant at 0.05 level of significant. Hence null hypothesis is not accepted and inferred that there is significant increase in the mean post test Emotional maturity scores of young adults who have undergone Psycho education. The mean difference between the mean pre-test and mean post-test Emotional maturity scores of Control group was. 40. To find the significant increase in Emotional maturity scores paired t-test value was computed and the obtained value of t₍₂₉₎ is 0.34 found to be not significant at 0.05 level of significance. It indicates that there is no significant increase in Emotional maturity scores of young adults in Control group. that mean difference between the post-test Emotional maturity scores of young adults in Experimental and Control group is 34.46. To find the significance of difference in mean post test Emotional maturity scores among Experimental and Control group, independent ‘t’ value was computed. Obtained value of independent “t”_{(58) =} 3.59, was found to be significant at 0.05 level of significance. Hence null hypothesis is not accepted and it is interpreted that there was statistically significant difference in the post test Emotional maturity scores of young adults who have undergone Psycho education. Hence it is inferred that Psycho education was effective in improving the Emotional maturity of young adults. that computed Chi-square value were found to be significant for the age and birth order in the family and was not significant for gender, religion, place of residence, type of family, family income per month, birth order in the family, educational status of the parents, experience as class representative, participation in games and sports, participation in cultural at 0.05 level of significance. There fore the finding partially support null hypothesis H₀₃inferring that there is significant association between emotional maturity score of young adults with their age and birth order in the family. Conclusion: The study revealed that emotional maturity is having a profound impact on young adults. The Pre test –post test only design was selected. The study was conducted in Yuvaraja college and St. Josephs college, Mysuru. Non-Probability convenience sampling technique, which involves the convenient selection of elements from the population, was used for the study. The tools used to collect the data include Personal proforma to assess the sample characteristics, Modified Emotional maturity scale to assess the emotional maturity of young adults. The analysis of the findings indicated that the psycho-education on emotional maturity was effective in increasing the emotional maturity of young adults as evident from the compute t₍₅₈₎ = 3.59 which was significant at 0.05 level significance. The pre test emotional maturity score were found to be significantly associated with Age and Birth order in the family and not significant with Religion, Place of Residence, Type of family, Family income per month, Educational status of the parents, Experience as class representative, Participation in sports and games and Participation in cultural events.The study concludes that the psycho-education is an effective method to increase the emotional maturity of the young adults.Hence, health care professionals should give importance for psycho-education for increasing the emotional maturity of young adults who is considered as the future for our Nation.

KEYWORDS: Young adults, Emotional maturity, Psycho education.

INTRODUCTION:

A man's life is normally divided into five stages namely: infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and oldage. Every stage has its significance in terms of biological and psychological transition which in-turn influences the behaviour, among these stages the pivotal transformation occurs between childhoods to adolescence, which is also termed as biological stress. Hormones for the first time appear and change the internal environment and in-turn influence psychological composure of an individual, this influence can be in positive or in negative way¹.

Adolescents is a transitional stage of physical and mental human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood, this transition involves biological (i.e. Pubertal), social, and psychological changes, shown in their personality traits. Adolescents also referred as Young adults, is a period associated with notable changes in mood sometimes known as mood swings. Cognitive, emotional and attitudinal changes which are characteristics of young adults, often take place during this period and this can be a cause of conflict, stress and depression on one hand and positive personality development on the other¹.

The young adults emotions roots from interaction with family and community and develop a strong sense of self worth and self esteem, experiences of this period contributes to either positive or negative impact on behaviour. It also influences to shape the emotional maturity of the person. Scars from the wounded childhood can make them vulnerable for emotional immaturiy.²

Emotions are great motivating forces throughout the span of human life; affecting aspiration, actions and thoughts of individual they may be constructive and destructive. Emotions have strong link with urges, needs and interest. A healthy emotional development cultivates in emotional maturity.³

NEED FOR STUDY:

Today India has a population of young adults that is among largest in the world. This is the generation, which will shape India’s future. One of the important commitment a country can make for its future economic, social and political progress and stability is to address the health and development related needs of its young adults¹⁴.

Emotional Maturity is said to be the foundation for leading a happy and contented life. If anyone lacks Emotional Maturity the life of the individual will be a sorrowful affair.¹⁵

Young adults describe the teenage years between 13 and 19 and can be considered transitional stage from childhood to adulthood. However, the physical and psychological changes that occur in adolescence can start earlier. Young adults can be a time of both disorientation and discovery, they demand special attention and care and needs some real contributions by themselves. They complain of indifference to their demands and needs. This is a significant aspect of their maturation process. However, these behaviours are not the qualities of the emotionally mature individuals. In fact, there are a lot of people who “look grown up” and behave as rational by contemporary standards, but emotionally they behave like children.¹⁶

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the level of Emotional maturity among young adults

2. To determine the effectiveness of psycho-education on emotional maturity among young adults.

3. To find the association between level of emotional maturity among young adults with their selected personal variables.

HYPOTHESIS:

H₁: There will be significant relationship between mean pre test emotional maturity scores of the young adults of experimental and control group.

H₂:There will be significant difference between mean post test scores of young adults those who have undergone psycho education and those who have not undergone psycho education on emotional maturity

H₃: There will be significant association between the levels of emotional maturity scores of the young adults with their selected personal variables.

METHODOLOGY:

RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN:

The research approach indicates the basic procedure for conducting research. As the main objectives of the study is to assess the effectiveness of psycho-education on emotional maturity of young adults, The Pre test –post test only design was selected.

The symbolic representation of the study as follows:

E – O₁X O₂

C – O_{1 -}O₂

KEYS:

E Experimental group

O₁ Pre test

XPsycho-education for seven successive days

O₂Post test

C Control group

VARIABLES UNDER STUDY:

1. Study variables:

Dependent variable - Emotional maturity.

Independent variable – Psycho- education

2. Personal variables:

1. Age

2. Gender

3. Religion

4. Class of study

5. Place of residence

6. Type of family

7. Family income per month in rupees.

8. Birth order in the family

9. Educational status of the parents

10. Experience as class representative

11. Participation in games and sports

12. Participation in the cultural events.

SETTING OF THE STUDY:

The study was conducted in Yuvaraja College and St. Josephs College, Mysuru

POPULATION:

A population is the entire aggregation of cases in which a researcher is interested.²⁴In the present study, population comprises of young adults (17-19 years) studying in selected college at Mysuru.

SAMPLE AND SAMPLING:

A sample is a subset of population elements, which are the most basic units about which data are collected.²⁴

The sample of the present study comprises of young adults studying in selected college at Mysuru. Sixty (60) young adults in which 30 in the experimental group (17-19 years) were selected from Yuvaraja College, Mysuru and 30 in the control group (17-19) were selected from St. Josephs College, Mysuru.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

Sampling is the process of selecting cases to represent an entire population so that inferences about the population can be made.²⁵Non-Probability convenience sampling technique, which involves the convenient selection of elements from the population, was used for the study. In present study, the researcher used two stage cluster sampling technique for the selection of samples. In the first stage, 2 colleges (one experimental group and one control group) were randomly assigned from a total number of 10 colleges by using simple lottery method. In the second stage, a list of all available young adults sample of 60 were taken with 30 each in experimental and control group according to sampling criteria.

SAMPLING CRITERIA:

Inclusion criteria: Young adults who are

· Within the age group of 17-20 years

· Willing to participate in the study

· Can understand, comprehend and respond in English

Exclusion criteria: Young adults who are

· Diagnosed with any physical or mental disability as reported by their teachers.

· Absent during the time of data collection.

RESULTS:

Table 2: The frequency and percentage distribution of young adults according to their selected personal variables n=60

Sl No	Personal variables	Experimental group		Control group		Total Frequency and Percentage
Sl No	Personal variables	Frequency(f)	Percentage (%)	Frequency (f)	Percentage (%)	Total Frequency and Percentage
1	Age in years
	1.1 18	14	46.66	14	46.66	28(46.66)
	1.2 19	14	46.66	10	33.33	24(40)
	1.3 20	02	6.66	06	20	8(13.33)
2	Gender
	2.1 Male	17	56.66	14	46.66	31(51.66)
	2.2 Female	13	43.33	16	53.33	29(48.33)
3	Religion
	3.1 Hindu	23	76.66	18	60	41(68.33)
	3.2 Christian	01	3.33	06	20	7(11.66)
	3.3 Muslim	06	20	06	20	12(20)
	3.4 Jain	0	0	0	0	0(0)
4	Class of the study
	4.1 1^st Year degree	30	100	30	100	60(100)
	4.2 2^nd PUC	0	0	0	0	0(0)
	4.3 1^stPUC	0	0	0	0	0(0)
5	Place of residence
	5.1 Urban	20	66.66	22	73.33	42(70)
	5.2 Rural	04	13.33	03	10	7(11.66)
	5.3 Semi urban	06	20	05	16.66	11(18.33)
6	Type of family
	6.1 Nuclear	26	86.66	28	93.33	54(90)
	6.2 Joint	04	13.33	02	6.66	10(10)
	6.3 Extended	0	0	0	0	0(0)
7	Family income per month in rupees
	7.1 < 5000	05	16.66	0	0	05(8.33)
	7.2 5001 – 10,000	09	30	01	3.33	10(16.66)
	7.3 > 10,001	16	53.33	29	96.66	45(75)
8	Birth order in the family
	8.1 First born	17	56.66	16	53.33	33(55)
	8.2 Second born	11	36.66	12	40	23(38.33)
	8.3 Third born or above	02	6.66	02	6.66	4(6.66)
9	Education status of the parents
	9.1 Degree and above	09	30	21	70	30(50)
	9.2 PUC	11	36.66	07	23.33	18(30)
	9.3High school/primary school education	9	30	01	3.33	10(18.33)
	9.4 No formal education	01	3.33	01	3.33	02(3.33)
10	Experience as class representative
	10.1 Yes	28	93.33	26	86.66	54(90)
	10.2 No	02	6.66	04	13.33	6(10)
11	Participation in games and sports
	11.1 Yes	28	93.33	28	93.33	56(93.3)
	11.2 No	02	6.66	02	6.66	4(6.66)
12	Participation in cultural events
	12.1 Yes	29	96.66	29	96.66	58(96.6)
	12.2 No	01	3.33	01	3.33	02(3.33)

Table 3: Mean, Median, Standard deviation of pre test and post test Emotional maturity scores of young adults in Experimental and Control group n = 60

Group	Pre test emotional maturity scores				Post test emotional maturity scores
Group	Mean	Median	Range	SD	Mean	Median	Range	SD
Experimental n =30	112.36	100.50	49-202	+42.79	147.23	150	100-206	+33.58
Control n =30	112.44	95.50	49-203	+43.25	112.36	95.50	56 -190	+40.45

Table 8: Chi square values between the pre test Emotional maturity level of young adults and their selected personal variables. n = 60

Sl No	Sample characteristic	Emotionally Immature	Emotionally Mature	Chi-square value
1	Age in years
	1.1 17	17	11
	1.2 18 -20	27	05	4.28^*
2	Gender
	2.1 Male	23	08	0.24
	2.2 Female	21	08
3	Religion
	3.1 Hindu	33	09
	3.2 others	11	07	1.964
4	Place of residence
	5.1 Urban	33	12
	5.2 Rural and others	11	04	0.14#
5	Type of family
	6.1 Nuclear	39	15	0.34#
	6.2 Joint/ Extended	05	01
6	Family income per month in rupees
	7.1 <5000	02	01	0.75#
	7.2 5001 and above	42	15
7	Birth order in the family
	8.1 First born	21	12
	8.2 Second born above	23	04	4.71#^*
8	Educational status of the parents
	9.1 Degree and above	21	11
	9.2 PUC and others	23	05	2.06
9	Experience as class representative
	10.1 Yes	39	15	0.341#
	10.2 No	05	01
10	Participation in games and sports
	11.1 Yes	40	13
	11.2 No	04	03	1.06#
11	Participation in cultural events
	12.1 Yes	40	15	1.56#
	12.2 No	04	01

c²₍₁₎ 3.84, p >0.05, p<0.05,^* significant, # Yates correction.

The data presented in the table 9 shows that computed Chi-square value were found to be significant for the age and birth order in the family and was not significant for gender, religion, place of residence, type of family, family income per month, birth order in the family, educational status of the parents, experience as class representative, participation in games and sports, participation in cultural at 0.05 level of significance. Therefore the finding partially support null hypothesis H₀₃inferring that there is significant association between emotional maturity score of young adults with their age and birth order in the family.

LIMITATIONS:

The limitations of the present study were,

1. The study is delimited to young adults.

2. The study is conducted in selected colleges.

3. The convenient sample technique was adopted, limits the generalization of the findings of the large population.

4. The sample size was limited only to 60 young adults.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

The following recommendations were made based on the results of the study:

1. A similar study can be carried out on a large sample for broader generalization.

2. A study can be carried out to find the effectiveness guidance and counseling programmes to improve the emotional maturity of young adults.

3. A comparative study can be conducted to assess the effectiveness of psycho-education on emotional maturity of young adults in urban and rural areas.

CONCLUSION:

This study explored the effectiveness of psycho education on emotional maturity of young adults at selected colleges Mysuru. The study revealed that emotional maturity is having a profound impact on young adults. The Pre test –post test only design was selected. The study was conducted in Yuvaraja college and St. Josephs college, Mysuru. Non-Probability convenience sampling technique, which involves the convenient selection of elements from the population, was used for the study. The tools used to collect the data include Personal proforma to assess the sample characteristics, Modified Emotional maturity scale to assess the emotional maturity of young adults. The analysis of the findings indicated that the psycho-education on emotional maturity was effective in increasing the emotional maturity of young adults as evident from the computed t₍₅₈₎ = 3.59 which was significant at 0.05 level significance. The pre test emotional maturity score were found to be significantly associated with Age and Birth order in the family and not significant with Religion, Place of Residence, Type of family, Family income per month, Educational status of the parents, Experience as class representative, Participation in sports and games and Participation in cultural events.

The study concludes that the psycho-education is an effective method to increase the emotional maturity of the young adults.

Hence, health care professionals should give importance for psycho-education for increasing the emotional maturity of young adults who is considered as the future for our Nation.

ETHICAL CLEARANCE:

Obtained from the Ethical Clearance Committee of JSS College of Nusing, Mysuru.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

Nil.

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Received on 24.01.2020 Modified on 15.03.2020

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2020; 8(3):346-352.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2660.2020.00074.5

Level of emotional maturity	Experimental group n=30	Control group n=30	Total Frequency(f) and Percentage (%)
Level of emotional maturity	Frequency (f) and Percentage (%)	Frequency (f) and Percentage (%)	Total Frequency(f) and Percentage (%)
Pre test
Emotionally immature (47 -143)	16(53.33)	15(50)	31(51.66)
Emotionally mature (144 – 235)	14(46.66)	15(50)	29(48.33)
Post test
Emotionally immature (47 -143)	01(3.33)	15(50)	16(26.66)
Emotionally mature (144 – 235)	29(96.66)	15(50)	44(73.33)

Emotional maturity scores	Mean	Mean difference	SD difference	SEMD	Paired ‘t’ test value
Experimental group n=30
Pre test	112.36	34.87	9.21	3.86	9.02*
Post test	147.23	34.87	9.21	3.86	9.02*
Control group n= 30
Pre test	112.44	0.40	6.47	1.18	0 .34
Post test	112.76	0.40	6.47	1.18	0 .34