Dr. Jayesh. Patidar1, Mr. Satish Kumar Darji2
1HOD of Mental Health Department, Joitiba College of Nursing, Bhandu, Dist.: Mehsana
2nd Year M.sc Nursing Student, Joitiba College of Nursing, Bhandu, Dist.: Mehsana
*Corresponding Author E-mail: jay31patidar@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Suicide is an act of taking once own life voluntarily. The word suicide is derived from two Latin words Sui meaning self and “cedere” meaning to kill oneself. Hence suicide is an act of willfully ending one’s own life. Suicide is a type of deliberate self-harm (DSH) and is defined as a human act of self-intentioned and self – inflected cessation (death). Most often it ends with a fatal outcome. Removing suicide from the category of sin and crime, it was considered a psychiatric illness only from 19th century. Suicide was not discovered to be disease, it was declared to be one” (vilza veith, 1969).1 The rate of suicides and suicide attempts increases tremendously during adolescent period. Suicide is the third-leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It even surpassed only by accidents and homicide.2 Design: A quantitative approach using pre experimental pre-test post-test design with one group. Participants: 100 Adolescents Higher secondary school were selected using Non-Probability Convenient sampling technique in Mehsana District. Interventions: Structured teaching was given to the Adolescents. Tool: Self-Structured Knowledge Questionnaire was used to assess the level of Knowledge among Adolescents. Results: In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age group 91% (16-17 year ), Gender 50% (Female) And 50% (Male), Religion 90 % (Hindu), Father Education status, 33% in secondary education, Mother Education primary education (35%), Standard of study,50% in 11th and 50% in 12th standard ,Stream 58% (Arts), Type of family 83%(Joint family),Monthly income 47 % belongs to (Above 15000 Rs.), Area of residence (51%) Urban, 73% adolescent have previous knowledge regarding suicidal ideation, Academic performance 84% belongs to good categories, (The post- test Knowledge mean and SD score (16.74 ± 4.41) was higher than the mean pre-test Knowledge score (12.16 ±4.16). The calculated ‘t’ value (42.64) was greater than the table value (1.98) at 0.05 level of significance. The Structured teaching Programme was effective in increasing the Knowledge of preventive measure of suicidal ideation among Adolescents. Chi-square test is used to associate the level of knowledge of pre-test with their selected demographic variable. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that structured teaching programme helps in improving Knowledge regarding preventive measure of suicidal ideation among Adolescents.
KEYWORDS: Assess, Effectiveness, Preventive Measure, Suicidal Ideation, Structured teaching, Adolescent.
INTRODUCTION:
“Suicide is not a solution; suicide is an end…. before solution is found”
-Stephen L bernhardt
The word suicide has its origin in Latin “sui” of oneself and “cudium” from caedre, to kill: the act of intentionally destroying one’s life. The word suicide first used by sir. Thomas Brown in 1642 in his “Religio Medici” has evoked a variety of reaction in public minds. Suicide is not a disease in general, but it probably involves an individual to tunneled logic in a state of inner felt, in to health problem accountably. Out of all deaths over the past 15 years the overall suicide rates have increased from two-fold to three-fold.3
Suicide is an irrational desire to die. We use the term “irrational” here because no matter how bad a person’s life is, suicide is a permanent solution to what is nearly always a temporary problem. Suicide is a symptom and sign of serious depression. Depression is a treatable disorder, but often the treatment takes time, energy and effort on the part of the person who’s feeling depressed. Sometimes, as a person who is depressed feels the energizing effects of an antidepressant medication, they will still feel depressed, but have more energy. It is during this time in treatment that many people turn to suicide and suicidal acts.4
Suicidal ideation, also known as suicidal thoughts, is thinking about or having an unusual pre occupation with suicide. The range of suicidal ideation varies greatly from fleeting thoughts, to extensive thoughts, to detailed planning, role playing (e.g., standing on a chair with a noose), and incomplete attempts, which may be deliberately constructed to not complete or to be discovered, or may be fully intended to result in death, but the individual survives (e.g., in the case of a hanging in which the cord breaks).5
Suicide rates differ between boys and girls. Girls think about and attempt suicide about twice as often as boys, and tend to attempt suicide. The common suicidal acts include overdosing on drugs or cutting themselves. The death rates due to suicide among boys are four times than girls. Perhaps the reason may be, they tend to use more lethal methods, such as firearms, hanging, or jumping from heights.6
Nearly 1 million people worldwide commit suicide each year, with anywhere from 10 million to 20 million suicide attempts annually. About 30,000 people reportedly kill themselves each year in the United States Suicide is a major public health problem, with more than 32,000 persons dying by suicide each year in the United States, or about 80 suicides per day. In addition to completed suicides, another 1,500 unsuccessful suicide attempts occur each day. In the 18- to 65-year age group, suicide is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. In most countries, males outnumber females in youth suicide statistics. Although the rates vary between countries, suicide is one of the commonest causes of death among young people. Due to the growing risk for suicide with increasing age, adolescents are the main target of suicide prevention. Reportedly, less than half of young people who have committed suicide had received psychiatric care, and thus broad prevention strategies are needed in healthcare and social services. Primary care clinicians are key professionals in recognizing youth at risk for suicide.7
NEED OF THE STUDY:
The fact is that suicide is the tenth leading cause of death for all ages in most of the countries (WHO 1998). On an average it can be estimated that during one year approximately 4, 00,000 people commit suicide around the world (Brent 1997). This amounts to an average of one death every 40 seconds and an attempt every three seconds.8
Suicide is the second leading cause of death – following motor vehicle accidents among teenager and young adults. On average, adolescents aged 15 to 19 years have an annual suicide rate of about 1 in 10,000 people. Among youths 12 to 16 year of age, up to 10% of boys and 20% OF girls have considered suicide. Gay and lesbian adolescents are more likely to attempt suicide than their heterosexual peers. Suicide rates are 5 to 8 times higher among first nations and Inuit teens.9
The incidence of suicide among the youth has been increasing over the years. A report published in Hindu paper in July 2012 says that, Bangalore continues to figure among the top four cities in the country with a large number of suicides. Although there is a negligible downward variation in the suicides reported in 2011 compared to 2010, experts said it could not be termed as a decline in the suicide rate. The city recorded 1,778 suicides in 2010, the highest for any city. The number has come down to 1,717 in 2011. It was 2,167 in 2009.10
A recent report published in the journal Lancet in June 2012 about 56 percent of men and 40 percent of women who committed suicides in India were between the ages of 15 and 29.
The study also showed that most of the suicides in India are committed by wealthy young and highly educated people. However, at the same time rural parts of southern India also recorded a very high suicide rate.11
In 2015, Maharashtra reported most student suicides of any state: 1,230 of 8,934 (14%) nationwide, followed by Tamil Nadu (955) and Chhattisgarh (625). Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu are among India’s most advanced states, and their high rate of suicides could reflect the pressures of economic growth. Sikkim, the state with India’s highest suicide rate, offers future warning for India. Sikkim is India’s third-richest state (after Delhi and Chandigarh), by per capita income, and its literacy rate is seventh highest. But it also records the second highest unemployment rate. About 27% of the state’s suicides were related to unemployment and found to be most common among those between 21 and 30 years of age.12
About 8, 00,000 people commit suicide worldwide every year out of these 1, 35,000 are residents of India. Among that tamilnadu and Kerala had the highest suicide rates per 1, 00,000 people in 2012. The male to female suicide ratio has been about 2:1.
A staggering 13,655 suicide were reported in Gujarat in three years – an average of 12 every single day- figures tabled by the government in legislative assembly.
As per statistics the rank of Gujarat state is 19th on suicidal.13
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
“A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on the preventive measures of suicidal ideation among the adolescents in selected higher secondary schools of mehsana district”
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. To assess the knowledge of the adolescents regarding preventive measures of suicidal ideation.
2. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding preventive measures of suicidal ideation among the adolescents
3. To find out the association of Pretest knowledge with their selected demographic variable.
HYPOTHESIS:
H0: - There will be no significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge regarding preventive measures of suicidal ideation among the adolescents at 0.05 level of significance.
H1: - There will be significant difference between pretest and posttest knowledge scores after administration of structured teaching programme regarding preventive measures of suicidal ideation at 0.05 level of significance.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Pre experimental one group Pretest/Post test research design and Quantitative Approach. Effectiveness of Structured teaching program on knowledge regarding preventive measures of suicidal ideation among Adolescents in Higher secondary school of Mehsana district. The data were collected from 100 Adolescents. “Non-Probability Convenient” sampling technique were used. A structured knowledge questionnaire was selected to assess the knowledge regarding preventive measures of suicidal ideation.
RESULTS:
Demographic data was analyzed using frequency and percentage. Frequencies, percentage, mean, mean percentage (%) and standard deviation was used to determine the knowledge score. The ‘t’ value was computed to show the effectiveness of Structured teaching programme and chi-square test was done to determine the association between the pretest knowledge of Adolescents with selected demographic variables.
Finding related to demographic data:
In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age group 91% (16-17y), Gender 50% (Female) And 50% (Male), Religion 90 % (Hindu), Father Education status, 33% in secondary education, Mother Education primary education (35%), Standard of study, 50% 11th and 50% 12th standard, Stream 58% (Arts), Type of family 83% (Joint family), Monthly income 47 % (Above 15000), Area of residence (51%) Urban, 73% adolescent have previous knowledge regarding suicidal ideation, Academic performance 84% belongs to good categories,
Finding related to pre and post knowledge score:
Pretest the administration of structured teaching programme, (60%) of sample had poor knowledge (score: 0-10)) regarding preventive Measure of Suicidal ideation among adolescent While average knowledge (score 11-20) was observed in 40% of the sample.
Posttest there was marked improvement in the knowledge of sample with majority (61%) gained average knowledge (score 11-20), (39%) gained good knowledge (score 21-30).
It was inferred from the below table that the Structured teaching programme was effectiveness in improving knowledge on regarding preventive Measure of Suicidal ideation among adolescent.
Finding related to effectiveness of structured teaching programme:
Table 1: Distribution of subject on paired ‘t’ test between pretest and posttest knowledge score regarding preventive Measure of Suicidal ideation.
|
Parameter |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
Mean % |
‘t’ value |
|
Pre-test |
12.16 |
4.16 |
40.53% |
t=42.64* D.F= 99 |
|
Post-test |
16.74 |
4.41 |
55.80% |
Finding related to association between pretest knowledge score of Adolescents with selected demographic variables:
the association between the pre-test level of Knowledge and socio demographic variable. Based on the Third objectives used to chi- square test to associate the level of knowledge and selected demographic variable. The chi square value show that Eight significances between Age, Father Education Status, Mothers Education, Standard of Study, Stream of Study, Type of Family, Income, And Area of Residence. demographic variable and pre– test knowledge score. The calculated chi – square value was less than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance.
CONCLUSION:
The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on preventive Measure of Suicidal ideation. The study was conducted by using Pre experimental one group pre-test post-test research design. Mehsana district was selected for conducting the study. The sample size was 100 Adolescents using non-probability convenient sampling method.
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Received on 11.05.2019 Modified on 01.06.2019
Accepted on 24.06.2019 © A&V Publications all right reserved
Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2019; 7(4): 467-470.
DOI: 10.5958/2454-2660.2019.00104.2