A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge of B. Sc Nursing 3^rd Year Students regarding New Born Care in S.G.R.R.I.M.H.S. College of Nursing Dehradun, Uttarakhand

 

Ms. Komal Guleria¹, Mr. Praveen Sharma²

¹BSc Nursing Student, Child Health Nursing, SGRRIM and HS, Dehradoon

²Assistant Professor, Child Health Nursing, SGRRIM and HS, Dehradoon

 

ABSTRACT:

One of life's most wondrous moments. Few experiences can compare with this event. Newborn babies have amazing abilities, yet they are completely dependent on others for every aspect - feeding, warmth, and comfort. In the first hour or two after birth, most babies are in an alert, wide awake phase. This offers a wonderful opportunity for parents to get to know their new baby. A baby will often turn to the familiar sound of the mother's voice. A baby's focus of vision is best at about 8 to 12 inches - just the distance from the baby cradled in a mother's arms to her face. Newborn undergo physiological changes at the moment of birth, as they are released from a warm, snug, dark liquid-filled environment that has met all of their basic needs, into a chilly, unbounded, brightly lit, gravity-based outside world. Within minutes after being plunged into this strange environment, a newborn’s body must initiate respirations and accommodate a circulatory system to extra-uterine oxygenation. How well the newborn makes these major adjustments depends on his or her genetic composition, the competency of the recent intrauterine environment, the care received during the labour and birth period, and the care received during the labour and birth period, and the care received during the newborn or neonatal period from birth through the first 28 days of life. The percentage distribution of B.Sc. nursing 3^rd year students of S.G.R.R.College of nursing Dehradun according to their age group shows that 7% of student nurses were age group of 16 -20 yrs. 73% of student nurses were age group of 21 -22 yrs. 20% of student nurses were age group of 23 -24. The percentage distribution of BSc nursing students according to their residence shows that 93% of students were lives in urban community area and 7% student nurses were lives in rural community area. In this study the percentage distribution of student of B.Sc nursing 3rd year in S.G.R.R. college of nursing Dehradun, on their level of knowledge regarding new born care shows that they were having 16% of student of B.Sc nursing 3rd year having adequate knowledge which comes under scoring key (26 -28), 37% student having moderate knowledge which comes under (23 -25 ), 37% student having mild knowledge which comes under (20 -22) and 10% students having inadequate knowledge which comes under scoring key (below 20). This was all value which comes after correcting the unstructured question to assess the level of knowledge of students of B.Sc. nursing 3rd year regarding new born care. The comparison level of knowledge of students of B.Sc. nursing 3rd year according to their previous knowledge shows that 13% students(yes) have adequate previous knowledge regarding new born care, 27% students have moderate knowledge, 37% student have mild level of previous knowledge, 6% students have inadequate level of knowledge.3% students who have no previous knowledge regarding new born care comes under adequate level of knowledge, 10% student have comes under moderate level of knowledge, 3% student have inadequate previous knowledge.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

“A BABY IS GOD’S OPINION THAT THE WORLD SHOULD GO ON”

 

New born care is of immense importance for the development and healthy life of a baby. The newborn care takes place immediately following birth, in the transition period, and during the postnatal period. This care may be shared with the parents in the maternity unit of a hospital or in an alternative birth centre or assumed by parents in the home.²Newborn undergo physiological changes at the moment of birth, as they are released from a warm, snug, dark liquid-filled environment that has met all of their basic needs, into a chilly, unbounded, brightly lit, gravity-based outside world. Within minutes after being plunged into this strange environment, a newborn’s body must initiate respirations and accommodate a circulatory system to extra-uterine oxygenation. How well the newborn makes these major adjustments depends on his or her genetic composition, the competency of the recent intrauterine environment, the care received during the labour and birth period, and the care received during the labour and birth period, and the care received during the newborn or neonatal period from birth through the first 28 days of life.³Most babies breath and cry at birth with no help. The care you give immediately after birth is simple but important. Remember that the baby has just come from the mother’s uterus. It was warm and quiet in the uterus and the amniotic fluid and wall of the uterus gently touched the baby. Sonurse should be gentle with the baby and keep the baby warm. Skin-to-skin contact with the mother keeps the baby at the perfect temperature.⁴The immediate care of your newborn is imperative for their short-term health, and there are many factors which should be kept in mind immediately after a mother has her child. A newborn’s body temperature, their breathing, the amount of feed required by them are all essential health factors of your baby. ⁵The first hour after birth has a major influence in the survival, future health, and wellbeing of newly born infant. The health workers have an important role at this time. The care they give during this period is critical in helping to prevent complications and insuring infant survival. ⁶

 

The four basic needs of all babies at the time of birth (and for the first few week of life) are:

1    Warmth

2    Normal breathing

3    Mother’s milk

4    Protection from infection

 

These basic needs indicate that a baby’s survival is totally dependent upon her mother and other care givers. Therefore it is important to provide proper care to all the neonates immediately after birth. All newborns require essential newborn care to minimize the risk of illness and maximize their growth and development. This care will also prevent many newborn emergencies. For example, the umbilical cord may be the most common source of neonatal sepsis and also of tetanus infection, and good cord care can dramatically reduce the risk s of these serious conditions. Exclusive breast feeding has a significant protective effect against infections. Early breast feeding and keeping the baby close to the mother reduce the risk of hypothermia and hypoglycemia.

 

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

“A Descriptive Study to Assess The Level of Knowledge of B. Sc Nursing 3^rd Year Students regarding New Born Care in S.G.R.R.I.M.H.S. College of Nursing Dehradun, Uttarakhand”

 

OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of the study includes:

1.     To assess the knowledge of student nurses of B.Sc. nursing 3^rd year student regarding Immediate Care of new born.

2.     To determine the relationship between knowledge and demographic variables of student nurses regarding Immediate Care of Newborn.

 

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

The review of literatures are divided into following sub headings

1. Literatures related to Hypothermia and maintenance of warmth:

Nayeri F, Nili F conducted a study in 2005 on hypothermia at birth and its associated complications in newborns. Hypothermia is one of the main causes of neonatal mortality in developing countries. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the relationship between hypothermia at birth and the risk of mortality or morbidity among neonates born in Imam Hospital in Tehran, Iran. A significant relationship was found between hypothermia and respiratory distress in the first six hours of birth and death, as well as with jaundice, hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis in the first three days of birth.²⁷

 

Christensson Kyllike et al, had conducted a direct non-participant pre-and post-intervention observation study of midwifery a performance during childbirth at labour ward in Maputo (Capital of Mozambique) with the aim to observe and analyze midwifery care routines related to asphyxia and hypothermia during the perinatal period and to investigate the effect of an in-service education program. The observed groups consisted of 702 and 616 midwifery attended deliveries.

 

2. Literatures related to Breast feeding:

In 2010 August a Cross-sectional descriptive survey was done in eight non-Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative -accredited primary care maternity obstetric units in Cape Town. Subjects were 8 Maternity Obstetric Unit managers and a random sample of 45 nursing staff. The study demonstrated acceptable awareness and knowledge of the recommended Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative principles. A total of 56.6% of the staff could define rooming-in, 47.2% could define the components of the Baby Friendly Initiative, and 52.8% could name three baby-friendly care practices and routines. 89% of the nursing staff were able to demonstrate correct positioning of the baby for breastfeeding, and 91.1% could demonstrate the correct attachment of the baby to the breast. Only 40% could adequately the safe preparation of infant formula. The enrolled nursing assistants were significantly less knowledgeable than the other cadres of nurses. The majority of the nurses had a positive attitude toward Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative principles and practices. ³⁰

 

3. Literatures related to prevention of infection:

A study was conducted to assess the knowledge of student nurses regarding care of umbilical cord on the practice of aseptic technique during labour at selected maternity hospital of Bagalkot, India 2006. This study reported that among 100 student nurses, on an average of 72.73% had good knowledge regarding mode of transmission and prevention of umbilical cord infection. On an average of 91.25% of staff nurses had good practice of use of sterile technique at the time of delivery. On an average of 93.00% of student nurses had good hygienic practices and measures.³⁶

 

The study was carried out from April to May 2009 in 20 health care facilities within two districts of Gujarat. 70% of respondents said that standard infection control procedures were followed, but a written procedure was only available in 5% of facilities. Alcohol rubs were not used for hand cleaning and surgical gloves were reused in over 70%. Only 15% of facilities reported that wiping of surfaces was done immediately after each delivery in labour rooms. A few facilities had data on infections and reported rates of 3% to 5%. By this study the researcher felt the need improved information systems, protocols and procedures, and for training and research. ³⁷

 

RESEARCH APPROACH:

Research approach refer to the approach or the methodology that has been adopted to conduct the research it basically involves the selection of research questions the conceptual framework that has to be adopted, selection of appropriate research used in the present study is descriptive research approach.

 

Research design:

The research design refer to the researcher overall plan obtaining answers for research questions and spells out the strategies that the researcher adopts to develop information that is accurate, objectives and interpretive in the research process, the research design can considered as the back bone of the study. The research design selected for the study is descriptive design.

 

Research setting:

It refers to the physical location and condition which data collection takes place in the study. The study was conducted in the college of nursing S.G.R.R.I.M.H.S. Dehradun. On average of 30 student of B.Sc. Nursing 3^rd year selected for the study.

 

Variables under study:

Variables are the qualities, properties or characteristics of the person, things or situation that change or vary.

 The variables included in this study are research variables and demographic variables.

 

Research variables:

In the present study dependent variable is the knowledge of student nurses regarding the care of newborn.

 

Demographic variables:

Demographic variable under the study are age, gender.

 

Population:

Population refers to the entire aggregate of individual or object having common characteristic. Population for the present study is student nurses of B.Sc. Nursing 3^rd year.

 

Sample and sample size:

Sample consists of a subset of a population selected in a research study. The sample of the present study is in the student nurses of S.G.R.R. College of nursing. The sample size of the present study is 30 student nurses.

 

Sampling technique:

Sample is used in research when it is not feasible to study the whole population from which it is drawn. The sampling technique is used in this study is convenient sampling technique.

 

Instruments:

The instruments used for the study was questionnaire assess the knowledge regarding new born care among the student nurses of B.Sc. nursing 3^rd year in S.G.R.R college of nursing Dehradun.

 

Description of tools:

The tool was designed in two section “section A” and “section B” in order to achieve the objectives.

 

Section –A:

Consist of demographic variables of student nurses of B.Sc. nursing 3^rd year in S.G.R.R. College of nursing Dehradun like- Age, residence, no of family members, previous knowledge, type of family, economic status of the family, religion, secondary source of information.

 

Section – B:

Consist of questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge regarding new born care among B.Sc. nursing 3^rd year student nurses in S.G.R.R college of nursing Dehradun

 

RESULT:

The study shows percentage distribution of level of knowledge regarding new born care among B.Sc. nursing 3^rd year students shows that:

·       16% of students had adequate level of knowledge.

·       37% of students had moderate level of knowledge.

·       37% of students had mild level of knowledge.

·       10% of students had inadequate level of knowledge.

 

Section: 1 Percentage distribution of B.Sc. nursing 3^rd year students according to their demographic variables

Demographic variables	Frequency	Percentage
Age: 16-20 21-22 23-24 25-26	2 22 6 -	7% 73% 20% -
Residence: Urban Rural	28 2	91% 9%
No of family membes: 3-5 5-6 6-7 Above 7	20 8 1 1	67% 27% 3% 3%
Previous knowledge: Yes No	25 5	83% 17%
Type of family: Nuclear  Joint	24 6	80% 20%
Economic status of the family: Good Poor	28 2	93% 7%
Religion: Hindu Muslim Sikh Others	25 1 1 3	83% 3% 3% 11%
Secondary source of information: Mass media Internet Visit Books	3 5 - 22	10% 17% - 73%

 

 

(1) Comparison of level of knowledge of students of Basic.B.sc Nursing lllrd year according to their age group.

Level of Knowledge	In adequate		Mild		Moderate		Adequate
Age group	No	% age	No	% age	No	% age	No	%age
16-20	-	_	1	3 %	1	3%	_	_
21-22	3	10%	7	23%	8	27%	4	13%
23-24	_	_	1	3%	4	13%	1	3%
25-26	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_

 

The percentage distribution of student of Basic B.Sc. Nursing lllrd year, on their level of knowledge according to their age group regarding new born care shows that they were having 3% of students (16-20 yrs) having moderately adequate knowledge, and 3% have mild adequate knowledge. 10% student (21-22yrs) have adequate knowledge, 23% of student have moderately adequate, 27% have mild adequate knowledge, 13% have inadequate knowledge. 3% of students (23-24yrs) have adequate knowledge, 13% have moderately adequate, 3% students have mild adequate knowledge.

 

(2) Comparison of level of knowledge of Basic B.Sc. Nursing lllrd year student according to their No. of family members.

Level of knowledge	Adequate		Moderate		Mild		Inadequate
No of family members	No	%	No	%	No	%	No	%
3-4	3	10%	8	27%	9	30%	2	6%
5-6	2	6%	4	13%	1	3%	1	3%
7-8	_	_	2	6%	_	_	_	_
Above 8	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_

 

The percentage distribution of student of Basic B.Sc. Nursing lllrd year, on their level of knowledge regarding new born care according to their no of family members shows that 10% of student (3-4 members) have adequate knowledge regarding new born care, 27% have moderate level of knowledge, 30% student have mild level of knowledge, and 6% student have inadequate level of knowledge.6% student (5-6 members) have adequate level of knowledge, 13% student have moderate level of knowledge, 3% students have mild level of knowledge and 3% student have inadequate knowledge than 6% student have moderate level of knowledge regarding new born care

 

(3) Comparison of level of knowledge of Basic B.Sc. Nursing lllrd year student according to their economic status of the family.

Level of knowledge	Adequate		Moderate		Mild		Inadequate
Economic status of the family	NO	%	No	%	No	%	No	%
Good	5	16	11	37	10	33	2	6
Poor	_	_	_	_	1	3	1	3

 

The percentage distribution of student of Basic B.Sc. Nursing 3^rd year, on their level of knowledge regarding new born care according to their Economic status of the family shows that 16% (good economic status) have adequate level of knowledge regarding new born care, 37% student have moderate level of knowledge, 33% students have mild level of knowledge, 6% students have inadequate level of knowledge.3% students who lives in poor economic status of the family have mild level of knowledge, 3% students have inadequate level of knowledge.

 

DISCUSSION:

The present study was designed to assess the level of knowledge regarding new born care among the student of B. Sc nursing 3rd year, in S.G.R.R. college of nursing, Dehradun.The present study design was Descriptive in nature conduct over 1week data was collected from 30 sample that fulfilled the inciusion criteria from S.G.R.R. College of nursing Dehradun

 

FINDING RELATED TO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES:

The percentage distribution of B.Sc. nursing 3^rd year students of S.G.R.R. College of nursing Dehradun according to their age group shows that 7% of student nurses were age group of 16 -20 yrs. 73% of student nurses were age group of 21 -22 yrs. 20% of student nurses were age group of 23 -24. The percentage distribution of BSc nursing students according to their residence shows that 93% of studnts were lives in urban community area and 7% student nurses were lives in rural community area.

 

The percentage distribution of B.Sc nursing 3^rd year students according to their no of family members shows that 67% of students in 3 -5 members, 27% in 5 -6 members, 3% in 6 -7 members, 3% in no of family members above 7.The percentage distribution of student of B.Sc nursing 3^rd year according to their previous knowledge shows that 83% of student having previous knowledge regarding new born care and 17% students having no knowledge about new born care.

 

The percentage distribution of the student of B.Sc nursing 3re year according to their type of family shows 80% student lives in nuclear family and 20% lives in joint family. The percentage distribution of student of B.Sc nursing 3^rd year according to their economic status of the family shows 93% students having good economical status and 7% student having poor economic status.

 

The percentage distribution of B.Sc nursing 3^rd year students according to their religion shows 83% students comes in Hindu religion, 3% students comes in Muslim, 3% students comes in Sikh and 11% students comes in other religion.

 

The percentage distribution of B.Sc. nursing 3rd students according to their secondary source of information shows 10% in mass media, 17% in internet, and 73% in books

 

 

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Received on 07.01.2019          Modified on 03.02.2019

Accepted on 27.02.2019     © A&V Publications all right reserved