Effectiveness of STP on CPR among Nursing Students

 

Najrana*, Asif Khan, Nazneen Shaikh

Balaji College of Nursing, Bhilwara (Raj.) 311001

 

ABSTRACT:

Evaluative research approach with pre experimental one group pre test post test was used to find out effectiveness of STP on CPR among nursing students. Total 30 samples were taken for the study, the total mean percentage 66.33% was obtained in the area of “General concept of CPR” with mean and standard deviation of 7.96 ± 1.65. The mean percentage of 30.76 was obtained in the area of “steps and techniques of CPR” with mean and standard deviation of 4.00 ± 1.53 and the mean percentage of 37.20 was obtained in the area of ‘post resuscitation care” with mean and standard deviation of 1.86 ± 0.81. Quartile distribution of pre-test post-test knowledge scores of students showed a significant difference between the quartiles of pre-test and post-test scores. Pre-test median score was 12.4 whereas post-test median score was 27.2. The difference of 14.8 indicates out of 30 maximum attainable scores. The difference between the knowledge score of post-test and pre-test of III year B.Sc. Nursing students were analyzed using paired ‘t’ . The result was found to be very highly significant (t= 27.44, p ≤ 0.001). A very high increase in the post-test scores was observed in III year degree students regarding CPR.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

In a normal and healthy individual life processes can be achieved by the physiological and physical processes on their own. But there are certain moments like accidents, which need on-the spot attention or at least, the quickest possible attention to pull the victim out of that trauma or crisis. So, also in the case of a patient who has had Myocardial infarction. The leading causes of preventable sudden death before old age are Ventricular Fibrillation from asymptomatic Ischemic Heart Disease, Non- traumatic accidents like drowning and poisoning and trauma caused by the violence of man or accidents (Berg, Kern, 1988).¹

 

Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of death in developed countries and are increasing in number in developing countries. In USA 48% of all the deaths (1994) were due to cardio vascular diseases. In 1997 the death rate was 35%, but 68% of these deaths occurred before reaching the hospital. Each year one million people in US suffer from acute myocardial infarction, out of which approximately 700,000 die. Of these 350,000 fatalities occur outside the hospital, usually within two hours after the onset of symptoms of heart disorder. In India in 1994 the annual death rate due to cardio vascular diseases was 18%. In 2002 the death rate increased to 26% (National Centre of Health Statistics, WHO, 2002).²

 

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is a technique of Basic Life Support for the purpose of oxygenating the brain and heart until appropriate definitive medical treatment can restore the normal heart and ventilatory actions. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation more commonly known as CPR is a Basic Life Support procedure for people whose heart and lungs have ceased to function effectively. (Gerald M. Dwarkin, 1996).³

 

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:

1.      To determine the existing knowledge on CPR among III year B. Sc. Nursing students.

2.      To prepare and conduct Structured Teaching Programme on CPR for III year B.Sc. Nursing students.

3.      To evaluate the effectiveness of structured Teaching Programme on CPR for III year B.Sc. Nursing students by comparing pre-test and post test knowledge score.

4.      To find out the association between pre test level of knowledge of III year B.Sc. Nursing students with their selected demographic variables.

 

Research Hypotheses:

H1: The mean post-test knowledge score of III year B.Sc. Nursing students will be significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score regarding Cardio pulmonary CPR technique.

H2: There will be significant association between pre test knowledge level of III year B.Sc. Nursing students regarding CPR with selected demographic variables.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Research Approach:

Evaluative research approach was used to assess the knowledge and skill gained in respect of programme objectives after the administration of structured teaching programme.

 

Research Design:

Pre-experimental research design single group pre-test and post-test design, adopted in the evaluative research approach for collection and analysis of data.

 

Variables Under Study:

In this study, the structured teaching programme on CPR technique was the independent variable. In this study independent variables were: Performance in Pre-test knowledge questionnaire & Performance in Post-test knowledge questionnaire.

 

Population:

In the present study, the target population was the students studying in III year B. Sc. Nursing in Balaji college of Nursing Bhilwara.

 

Sample size and sampling technique:

The sample of the study comprised of 30 students studying in B.Sc. Nursing III year in a selected college. Simple random technique was used to draw the sample.

 

Tool:

Structured knowledge questionnaire on CPR.

 

Part – I:

 Consisted of items related to demographic data of the subjects such as age, sex, information received on CPR.

 

Part –II:

Structured questionnaire consisting of 30 items on knowledge about CPR technique. All items are given score of one for each correct answer and zero score for wrong answer. The items are based on various areas of CPR technique which includes the General concept of CPR - 12 items (40.00%,) Steps and Technique of CPR -13 items (43.33%), Post resuscitation care of CPR – 5  items (16.66%).

 

Validity of the tool:

Content validity of the tool was established by three nurse educators, they were requested to give their opinions and suggestions regarding the relevance of the tool for further modification of items to improve clarity and content of items.

 

Reliability of the tool:

The questionnaire was administered to six students. The reliability was established by using split half technique and Spearman’s Brown prophecy formula. Co-efficient of correlation of knowledge test was found to be r = 0.88. Since the computed correlation of knowledge score was high the tool was found to be reliable.

 

Process of data collection:

Formal permission was obtained from a selected degree college and approval was obtained to conduct the study. Pre-test was conducted on the first day for 30 B.Sc. degree students in morning session from the selected college. Self administered questionnaire was administered. They were instructed to go through the instruction before proceeding to answer the questionnaire. The instructions were also read out by the investigator. STP conducted on the second day, for all 30 B.Sc. students in the morning in the selected college. LCD PowerPoint slides, chalkboard, manikin, video tape was used as the visual aid to facilitate easy understanding.

 

Demonstration on the manikin concerning CPR technique with return demonstration STP was conducted for one hour. The post-test that is the same knowledge questionnaire was administered on the Second day of teaching programme for the students to assess the knowledge.

 

RESULTS:

Table 1: demographic distribution of sample                                                                                                                    N=30

 

Table 2: description of level of knowledge                                                                                                     N=30

Range of score	Percentage of score	Level of knowledge	Number of students	Percentage of students
0-10	0-33.33	Poor	4	13.33
11-20	33.33-66.66	Average	26	86.66
21-30	66.66-100	Good	0	0.00
Total			30	100

 

Evaluation of effectiveness of structured teaching programme:

 

Fig.1 Quartile distribution

 

 

The data presented in the form of ogive shows that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores. By graphical method the pre-test median score was 12.4 whereas post-test median score was 27.2. The ogive plotted shows that the post-test score is higher than the pre-test score in the first second as well as the third quartile. The ogive indicates that there is a significant increase in knowledge of the students regarding CPR technique it shows that STP was effective.

Table3: Significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores                                                      N=30

 

Table 4: Significant of the Association between pre test knowledge and selected demographic variable                                                     N=30

Demographic variable	Pre test knowledge			Chi square value		Degree of freedom	Table value (level 0.05)	Level of significance
	Inadequate	Moderate adequate	Adequate
Age
a. 18-20 year	3	17	0	0.28		2	5.99	Not significant
b. 20-22 year	1	9	0
Gender
a. Male	4	21	0	1.84		2	5.99	Not significant
b. Female	0	5	0
Previous information received
a. Not received	0	0	0	0.00		2	5.99	Not significant
b. Received	4	26	0
Source of information
a. Mass media	0	6	0	59.78	6		12.6	Significant
b. Contact with health personnel	0	20	0
c. Information from friends/relatives	2	0	0
d. Any other	2	0	0

Pre-test and post-test mean knowledge scores and‘t’ value showed that the mean gain in knowledge was 13.46. The‘t’ value was significant (t= 27.44) at p < 0.001 level indicating the Structured teaching programme regarding CPR technique was effective. Hence, stated research hypothesis H₁ is accepted.

 

There is No significant association between Age and pre-test knowledge level (0.28<5.99), Gender and pre-test knowledge level (1.84<5.99), previous information received and pre-test knowledge level (0.00<5.99) .There is significant association between Source of Information and pre-test knowledge level (59.78>12.6).  Hence the research hypothesis H2 is partially Accepted.

 

DISCUSSION:

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of STP on CPR technique among III year degree students. Pre experimental research design with single group pre-test post-test design approach was adopted in order to achieve the objective of the study. The samples were selected using simple random technique. The sample of 30 B. Sc. III year degree students and the data was collected from them using a structured questionnaire before and after administration of STP. Observation checklist was used to evaluate the post-test skill.

 

CONCLUSION:

The mean post-test knowledge score of III year B.Sc. Nursing students was significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score regarding Cardio pulmonary CPR technique indicated that STP was quite effective. There was significant association between pre test knowledge level of III year B.Sc. Nursing students regarding CPR with demographic variable i.e. source of information.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors are grateful to the authorities of Balaji College of Nursing Bhilwara (Raj.)

 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

No conflict of interest.

 

REFERENCES:

1.     Berg; Kern et al, “Bystander Cardiopulmonary repatriation: Is ventilation necessary?” Circulation, 1999: 88:1907-1915.

2.     National Centre of Health Statistics, WHO 2002, http://healthindiatimes.com articleshow/329953.cms

3.     Gerald M. Dwarkin, 1999, “Necessity of teaching CPR in colleges”, Dallas, Am J Public Health, August, 72(8): 849 – 852.

 

Received on 22.11.2017           Modified on 16.12.2017

Accepted on 29.12.2017         © A&V Publications all right reserved