Effect of Structured Teaching Programme on Enhancement of Self-Esteem among the Patients Suffering from HIV/AIDS Infection in selected Hospitals of Metropolitan City.

 

Ms. Priyanka P. Koparkar

M. Sc.  Nursing (Mental Health Nursing) Institute of Nursing Education, Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai

 

ABSTRACT:

AIDS is a fatal illness and the psychological problems that confront the person with HIV disease can be overwhelming. Self esteem is a essential ingredient in creating and maintaining hope, health and a quality life with HIV/AIDS. Many people living with HIV/AIDS have problem with Self esteem. A study was conducted to assess the effect of structured teaching programme on enhancement of self-esteem among the patients suffering from HIV/AIDS infection in selected hospitals of metropolitan city with the objectives to assess the level of self esteem, to evaluate the effect of structure teaching programme and to determine the association between level of self esteem with selected demographical variable. Quantitative research approach and Pre Experimental one group pre test and post test design was used. 50 subjects were selected by non probability convenient sampling technique. Structured rating scale based on Rosenberg self esteem scale was used. A teaching plan was developed for the structured teaching programme. Study findings revealed that structured teaching programme was effective for enhancement of self esteem among subjects suffering from HIV/AIDS. There was significant association between pre test self esteem score with treatment and post test self esteem score with education.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

AIDS the “acquired immune deficiency syndrome” caused by a retrovirus known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus which breaks down the body’s immune system. AIDS can be called our modern pandemic, affecting both industrial and developing countries.¹ According to report of UNAIDS in 2012 there were 35.3 million people living with HIV. 1.6 million People died from AIDS-related illnesses.² 

 

Human have level of need that must be met before each can develop into psychologically mature person. Out of which self esteem is one of the need.³ Self esteem is relatively stable over time, but may change at lifecycle transition points.⁴ Castrighini⁵ conducted a descriptive and quantitative study to assess depression and self esteem of patients positive for HIV/AIDS in an inland city of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Data were collected from 75 individuals through interviews, using instruments as Beck Depression Inventory, Scale of self-esteem by Rosenberg and a questionnaire. Identified that 29.4% had depressive symptoms. The self-esteem was identified scores of 14 to 23 of which 34.7% had a score of 16 points, which indicates low self-esteem. According to study on 105 HIV positive subjects Vinita Jagannath⁶ found that Depression was found to be present in 43.8% of HIV positive subjects. 10.5% had high risk for isolation and low self-esteem was found among 5.7%. In univariate analysis both gender and self-esteem were significantly associated with depression whereas in multivariate analysis only self-esteem was found to be significantly associated with depression.

 

MATERIAL AND METHOD:

This study aims at assessing the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on enhancement of self esteem among the patients suffering from HIV/AIDS infection in selected hospitals of metropolitan city. Quantitative approach and pre-experimental one group pre-test post test design was used. By non probability convenient sampling technique 50 HIV /AIDS patients were selected from hospitals of metropolitan city. Section I of tool elicited socio demographic information which consist of age ,gender, religion, education, marital status, type of family, occupation, income, duration of HIV/AIDS and treatment. Section II was 20 points structured rating scale of self esteem based on Rosenberg self esteem scale. A pre-test was administered to the subjects following which a structured teaching programme was implemented to produce effect on self esteem followed by a post-test.  The collected data were coded, tabulated and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

 

RESULTS:

Result of the study showed that 48% subjects suffering from HIV/AIDS were from age group 26-35. Male were 60%. Majority of subjects i.e. 92% were belonging to Hindu religion and 60% were from nuclear family. Business was occupation of 40% subjects and 56% in between income 5001-10000. Majority of subjects i.e. 76% were under graduate. Duration of HIV/AIDS was more than 1 year in 76% subjects and 86% subjects were taking treatment regularly.

 

Table no 1: General assessment of level of self esteem n=50

 

The above table shows that in pre test 84% of the subjects were having high level of self esteem and 16% of them had low self esteem. The minimum self-esteem score in pretest was 10 and the maximum score was 51.

Table no. 2:  Difference between self esteem score in pre and post test of subjects suffering from HIV/AIDS n=50

 

Figure no. 1:  Difference between self esteem score in pre and post test of subjects suffering from HIV/AIDS

 

Above table and figure shows that the tabulated t-value for n=50-1 i.e 49 degrees of freedom was 2.01. The calculated t-value is much higher than the tabulated value at 5% level of significance Hence it is statistically interpreted that the structured teaching programme on enhancement of self esteem among subjects suffering from HIV/AIDS was effective. Thus the H₁ is accepted.

 

Table no.3: Association of pre test self esteem score in relation to demographic variables n=50

 

 

Table no. 3 shows that as the p-value corresponding to treatment is less (< 0.05), which is one of the demographic variables that was found to have significant association with pre test score of self esteem. Other demographic variables were found to have no association with pre test score of self esteem.

 

Table no. 4: Association of level of post test self esteem score in relation to demographic variables. n=50

 

 

Table no. 4 shows that the p-value corresponding to education is less (< 0.05), which is one of the demographic variable that was found to have significant association with post test score of self esteem. Other demographic variables were found to have no association with post test score of self esteem.

 

DISCUSSION:

Analysis of pre-test interpreted as 84% had high self esteem and remaining 16% with low self esteem. Result also suggested that overall pretest score of self esteem before structured teaching programme was 29.50 and overall posttest score of self esteem was 22.78, there was significant decrease in low self esteem score i.e. enhancement of self esteem after administration of structured teaching programme. p-value = 0 < 0.05 Hence investigator rejected Ho and accepted H1.  Therefore investigator concluded that structured teaching programme on enhancement of self esteem among subjects suffering from HIV/AIDS was effective. The above findings are supported by the study by Dalgas⁷ on ‘Effects of a self-esteem intervention program on school-age children’ (n=98). Result shows that, intervention had the strongest impact for girls (p =.049), students with lower socioeconomic status (p = .007), and students who already had friends (p = .000). They indicate that incorporating group based, self-esteem curriculum in schools may be an effective method of helping many students improve their self-esteem. The findings of the study revealed that there was significant association between pre test self esteem score and treatment (p< 0.05). It also found that in post test there was significant association of education with self esteem score.

 

CONCLUSION:

On the basis of finding it was concluded that, some of subjects had low self esteem and maximum number of subjects living with HIV/AIDS already had high self esteem this is because of changing trends of community towards HIV/AIDS in few year. Because of this changing view and educational media, people living with HIV/AIDS practice positive self esteem. Also after comparing pre-test and post-test score, it was interpreted that the self esteem was enhanced after administration of structured teaching programme. Hence it was concluded that structured teaching programme was effective for enhancement of self esteem among subjects suffering from HIV/AIDS.

 

 

REFERENCES:

1.        Parks K .Textbook of preventive and social medicine. 22^nd edition. M/S Banarsidas Bhanot publishers; 2013.

2.        UNAIDS 2013: AIDS by number. 2013 Nov 20. Available from: kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-global-hivaids-epidemic/

3.        Patricia D. Barry’s .Mental health and mental illness. Seventh edition. Lippincott (philadepia) publisher; 2002.

4.        Alan Carr’s. Positive psychology-the science of happiness and human strengths .Brunner-Routledge; 2004. 

5.        C Castrighini. Depression and self-esteem of patients positive for HIV/AIDS in an inland city of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Retrovirology › v.7 (Suppl 1); 2010. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

6.        Vanita Jagannath. Association of depression with social support and self-esteem among HIV positives. Asian Journal of psychiatry. Volume 4.2011 December: 288-292.

7.        Dalgas –Pelish, Peggy. Effects of a Self-Esteem Intervention Program on School-Age Children. Pediatric Nursing;Jul/Aug2006;32 (4): 341.

 

 

 

Received on 09.12.2016          Modified on 21.12.2016

Accepted on 16.01.2017         © A&V Publications all right reserved