A Study to assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Developmental Milestones of Children between 0-2 Years among Mothers at Chirvaltola Basti, BBSR, Odisha

 

Ms Mamata Puhan¹, Mrs. Anuradha Panda²*, Mrs. Sinmayee Devi³

¹M.Sc (N), Lord Jagannath Mission’s College of Nursing, Bhubaneswar, odisha

²Principal, Lord Jagannath Mission’s College of Nursing, Bhubaneswar, odisha

²Vice Principal, Lord Jagannath Mission’s College of Nursing, Bhubaneswar, odisha

 

ABSTRACT:

A Pre experimental research design where one group pre test post test was undertaken on 50 mothers of chrivaltola basti, Bhubaneswar, odisha selected by convenient sampling technique. Data was collected through closed ended multiple choice questionnaires  with selected variables age, religion, education, occupation, type of family, age of children in the family and sources knowledge. The data collected were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Area wise post test highest mean percentage (93.45%) with mean (10.28) f. The lowest mean percentage in post test is (89.38%) with mean score (11.62) for area. Area wise post test highest mean score is (10.28±0.93) with mean percentage 93.45% for the area “developmental milestones of 0-6 months children’’. The lowest post tests mean score is (11.62±1.01) with mean percentage 89.38% for the area “developmental milestones of 13-24 months of children’’. A significant difference between pre test and post knowledge  was found. (t- 45.6, p≤0.05). It shows that chi square is calculated to find out the association between post test knowledge  scores of the mothers with their selected demographic variables. It was found that there was significant association between post test knowledge scores among mothers regarding developmental milestones of 0-2 years children when compared to area type of family of the mother at 5% level of significance.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

 “A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step”

Lao Tsu

 

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) director Done Alexander says that “New parents have a need for accurate and helpful information about child development and pediatricians can help meet that need”.

 

The 0-2 years Childs are completely dependent on their parents especially upon their mothers for the fulfillment of their basic needs and mothers are the persons, who always accompany their Childs most of the time and witnesses the developmental milestones, so they need to acquire knowledge of normal developmental milestones and also variations in the normal developmental milestones, attainment of milestones at appropriate age and any delay in attainment. Developmental milestone are a set of functional skills or age specific tasks that most children can do at a certain age range. Development is different than growth. Growth refers to the child’s development. Although each milestone has an age level, the actual age. When a normally developing child reaches that milestone can vary quite a bit. 

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:-

Ø  To assess the existing knowledge of developmental milestone of children between 0-2 years among mothers.

Ø  To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme among mothers.

Ø  To find out the association between the post level of knowledge and selected socio-demographic variables.

 

HYPOTHESIS:                                                            

H₁ -:  There will be a significant difference in the pretest and post test knowledge regarding developmental milestones among the mothers.

H₂ -:   There will be a significant association between post test knowledge scores with their selected demographic variables.

 

MATERIAL AND METHOD:

Prior to data collection the investigator obtain normal written permission from the authority of community. The investigator introduced her to the subject and established a good rapport with them and explains about the purpose of the study and its usefulness. They were assured about the confidentiality of their responses, informed consent obtain from the subject indicating their willingness to participate in the study. 50 samples were selected. Pre test was conducted through questionnaires to the group. The time allotted to each mother for pre test was 45 minutes. The investigator then demonstrated by posters and flash cards about developmental milestones. After 10 days, post test was conducted to the mothers.

 

FINDINGS:

The analysis of data is done in accordance with objectives of the study.The highest 21(42%) of the mothers were between the age 21-30yr. It was also found that the almost of all 29(58%) of mothers were having primary education. The majority of 47(94%) of the mothers were Hindu. The highest 24(48%) the mothers were housewife. The majority 22(44%) of mothers   belonged to joint family. The highest 15(30%) of the age of the children in the family were one year. The majority 28(56%) sources of knowledge were from Anganwadi center.

 

Table-1 Frequency and percentage wise distribution of mothers on level of knowledge and practice of pre test with post test knowledge and practice scores regarding developmental milestones of 0-2 years children.                                                                                                       

ITEMS	PRE TEST		POST TEST
	FREQ.	%	FREQ.	%
VERY POOR	13	26%	0	0%
POOR	28	56%	0	0%
AVERAGE	9	18%	0	0%
GOOD	0	0%	14	28%
EXCELLENT	0	0 %	36	72%
TOTAL	50	100%	50	100%

 

Figure-1 Comparison of level of knowledge and practice of pre test with post test knowledge scores of mothers regarding developmental milestones of 0-2 years children.

 

Table-1Fig-1 reveals that highest pre test mean score is between level 11-20  “poor” which is obtained by 56% but in the pre test none of the mothers had secured within 31-40 and 41-50.. The highest post test mean score maximum number 36 (72%) of mothers had secured the score within 41-50, thus their knowledge level interpreted as EXCELLENT. Also 14 (28%) of mothers obtained score within the score 31-40, thus there level of knowledge interpreted as GOOD. It  shows effectiveness of  STP.

 

 

Table-2- Area wise distribution of mean, standard deviation, mean percentage of pre test and post test knowledge scores of mothers regarding developmental milestones of 0-2 years children.

SL. NO	AREA	PRE TEST			POST TEST			EFFECTIVENESS (y-x)
		MEAN	SD	MEAN % (X)	MEAN	SD	MEAN % (y)
1	Introduction& aspects	0.86	0.63	14.33	5.42	0.48	90.33	76
2	developmental milestones of 0-6 month's  children	3.4	1.49	3.09	10.28	0.93	93.45	90.36
3	Developmental milestones of 7-12 month's children	5.98	2.56	29.9	18.08	1.18	90.4	60.5
4	Developmental milestones of 13-24 months children	3.56	1.62	27.38	11.62	1.01	89.38	62
5	Over all	13.8	4.85	27.6	45.4	1.53	90.8	63.2

 

Table-2 showing that area wise comparison of mean, SD and mean percentage of pre test and post test knowledge and practice scores of mothers regarding developmental milestones of 0-2 years children reveals that the highest pre test mean score is 5.98±2.56 which is 26.5% for the area “developmental milestones of 7-12 month’s children’’. The lowest pre tests mean score is 0.86±0.63 which is 14.33% for the area “introduction and aspects’’. The highest post tests mean score is 18.08±1.18 which is 90.4% for the area “developmental milestones of 7-12 month’s children’’’’. The lowest post tests mean score is 5.42±0.48 which is 90.33% for the area “introduction and aspects’’.

 

The overall pre test mean score is 13.8±4.85 which is 27.6% and post test mean score is 45.4±1.53 which is 90.8%. The difference in mean percentage is 63.2% revealing the effectiveness of planned teaching programme.

 

Table-3 Comparison between overall knowledge and practice scores of pre and post test of the mothers regarding  developmental milestones of 0-2 years children

GROUPS	MEAN	SD	MEAN DIFFERENCE	‘t’ VALUE	TABLE VALUE (P≤ 0.05)
Pre test	13.8	4.85	31.6	24.05	2.00
Post test	45.4	1.53

 

 

Table-3 reveals that mean, standard deviation and paired ‘t’test value of knowledge regarding developmental milestones of 0-2 years children in pre and post test. The obtained post test mean value 45.4 is higher than the pre test mean value 13.8. The mean difference between pre and post test is 31.6 and the paired‘t’ test value is 24.0 at 5% level of significance which is highly significant.

 

Table no.4 association between post test scores of mothers on developmental milestones of 0-2 years children with their demographic variables.

Demographic variables	Chi square Value	Df	Table value	Level of significant
Age	3.89	3	7.82	Not significant
Education	4.05	3	7.82	Not significant
Religion	3.42	3	7.82	Not significant
Occupation	6.53	3	7.82	Not significant
Type of family	4.99	2	5.99	Significant
Age of  children in the family	3.46	3	7.82	Not significant
Sources of knowledge	2.41	3	7.82	Not significant

                                                                                                (p≤ 0.05)

Table-4 depicts that there is significant association between post test knowledge and practice scores among mothers regarding developmental milestones of 0-2 years children when compared to area type of family of the mother at 5% level of significance. There is no significant association between post test knowledge scores among mothers when compared with age of the mother, religion, education, occupation, age of the children in the family and sources of knowledge.

 

DISCUSSION:

Level of knowledge among mothers on developmental milestones of 0-2 years children

The knowledge and practice level of the mothers was found out by using 5 point scales according to their secured scores.The highest pre test mean score is between level 11-20  “poor” which is obtained by 56% but in the pre test none of the mothers had secured within 31-40 and 41-50.. The highest post test mean score maximum number 36 (72%) of mothers had secured the score within 41-50, thus their knowledge level interpreted as EXCELLENT. Also 14 (28%) of mothers obtained score within the score 31-40, thus there level of knowledge interpreted as GOOD.

 

Area wise distribution of mean, SD, mean percentage of pre-test and post-test knowledge and practice scores regarding developmental milestones of 0-2 years children among mothers

Area wise comparison of mean, SD and mean percentage of pre test and post test knowledge and practice scores of mothers regarding developmental milestones of 0-2 years children reveals that the highest pre test mean score is 5.98±2.56 which is 26.5% for the area “developmental milestones of 7-12 month’s children’’. The lowest pre tests mean score is 0.86±0.63 which is 14.33% for the area “introduction and aspects’’. The highest post tests mean score is 18.08±1.18 which is 90.4% for the area “developmental milestones of 7-12 month’s children’’’’. The lowest post tests mean score is 5.42±0.48 which is 90.33% for the area “introduction and aspects’’.

 

Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on developmental milestones of 0-2 years children among mothers

The obtained post test mean value 45.4±1.53 is higher than the pre test mean value 13.8±4.85. The mean difference between pre and post test is 31.6. The overall paired‘t’ test value is 24.0 at 5% level of significance which is highly significant. It is inferred that mothers have significantly higher knowledge after implementation of planned teaching programme.

Association between post test knowledge and practice scores regarding selected newborn care among mothers

It was found that there was significant association between post test knowledge and practice scores among mothers regarding developmental milestones of 0-2 years children when compared to area type of family of the mother at 5% level of significance. There is no significant association between post test knowledge scores among mothers when compared with age of the mother, religion, education, occupation, age of the children in the family and sources of knowledge.

 

CONCLUSION:

From the findings of the present study it can be concluded that planned teaching programme on developmental milestones of 0-2 years children was effective to improve the knowledge of the mothers.

 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

No

 

SOURCES OF FUNDING:

Self

 

REFERENCES:

1      Dorothy  R Marlow, Barabara A Redding “Text book of Pediatric nursing”, 6^th edition (2005), Elsevier publications, page no.166.

2      Shibi Thomas and Chellarani Vijay Kumar, “Parenting Children under Three years of Age in a South Indian Setting”, (2007) Pediatric Nursing  A Jannetti publications Inc.journal vol .33 no. 3

3      Barbara Conard, Deborah Gross, Loufogg and Patsy Rachala “Maternal Confidence, Knowledge and Quality of Mother-Toddler Intractions : A Preliminary Study”(2006) Infant Mental Journal vol 13 issue 4 page no 353-362.

4      Huang Keng Yen and Oberien Caughy Margart “Maternal Knowledge of Child Development and Quality of Parenting among White African, American and Hispanic mothers” (2005), Journal of Applied Development Psychology vol. 26, no.2, page no 149-170

5      Michelle. H, Laura. M .Developmental status and service use among children in the child welfare system. Archives of pediatrics and Adolescent medicine.  2006; Feb2; 160:183-188.

6      Phoebe. D, Arthur.R, Marcelo.L, et. al. mothers’ developmental expectations for young children in the Philippines. International journal of nursing studies. 2000; 37: 291-301.

 

 

 

 

Received on 17.09.2016          Modified on 25.09.2016

Accepted on 27.12.2016         © A&V Publications all right reserved