Effectiveness of Video Assisted Learning Package on Knowledge Regarding Oral Hygiene among Children

Shilpa Singh¹, Mr. Sunil Kumar Garg², Mr. Sanjay Gupta³

¹Lecturer, Kular College of Nursing, Khanna District Ludhiana

²Associate Professor, SINPMS, Badal, Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab, A Constitute College of BFUHS, Fdk

³Assistant Professor, SINPMS, Badal, Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab, A Constituent College of BFUHS, Fdk.

*Corresponding Author’s Email: shilpasingh8990@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

INTRODUCTION: Oral health is an important aspect of individual’s health which can be improved and maintained by healthy oral practices. AIM: The study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted learning package on knowledge regarding oral hygiene among children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study was conducted on 60 school children selected through simple random sampling technique using true experimental research design in Government primary schools of District Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and statistically analysed. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found in mean pretest (8.83) and mean posttest (14.90) knowledge score o experimental group at 0.05 level of significance. There was a statistically significant difference in posttest mean knowledge scores of experimental group (14.90) and control group (10.37) at 0.05 level of significance. CONCLUSION: The study concluded an enhancement in level of knowledge by video assisted learning package and recommended similar patterns of Education to improve the oral health of individuals.

KEYWORDS: Oral Hygiene, School Children, Video Assisted Learning Package.

INTRODUCTION:

While, the eyes may be the window to the soul, our mouth is a window to our body. The state of person’s oral health can offer lots of clues about his/her overall health. Oral health may be defined as the standard of health of oral and related tissues which enables an individual to eat, speak and socialize without active disease, discomfort or embarrassment, which contributes to general well-being.¹ Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth healthy and clean by brushing and flossing, to prevent tooth decay and gum disease.

The purpose of oral hygiene is to prevent the formation of plaques, the sticky film of bacteria. Plaque adheres to the crevices and fissures of the teeth and generates acids that, when not removed on a regular basis, slowly eat away or decay the protective enamel surface of the teeth, causing cavities to form. Plaque irritates the gums and lead to periodontal diseases and which further leads to tooth loss.²A considerable population of children in the developing nations is being affected by tooth decay and most of the time the proper treatment is given the last priority owing to limited access to oral health services.³

The school age is a period of overall development.⁴ During this period child learns to become productive member of peer group. If proper habits are inculcated during this period it will be helpful for child’s health and also he can practice it throughout his life. Dental diseases are among the most common and widespread diseases around the globe. Poor oral health and untreated dental conditions can have a significant impact on the quality of life of children which may lead to overall deterioration of health.⁵

Thus, the school remains a natural channel through which the health of the community can be improved with the children as the natural agent to change.⁶

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the pre-test knowledge regarding oral hygiene among children in experimental and control group.

2. To develop and implement video assisted learning package regarding oral hygiene to children in experimental group.

3. To assess the post-test knowledge regarding oral hygiene among children in experimental and control group.

4. To compare the pre-test and post-test knowledge regarding oral hygiene among children in experimental and control group.

5. To find out association of knowledge regarding oral hygiene among children with selected demographic variables.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Research approach

A quantitative research approach was used for the present study, as it is aimed to assess the knowledge regarding oral hygiene among children studying in selected primary schools of District Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab.

Research Design

A true experimental (pretest posttest control group) research design was considered appropriate for the present study.

Independent Variables

Video assisted learning package regarding oral hygiene. Video assisted learning package consist of a video and booklet regarding oral hygiene.

Dependent Variables

Knowledge of primary school children regarding oral hygiene.

Research Setting

District Sri Muktsar Sahib consist of 308 Government Primary Schools. Out of these 308 Government Primary Schools, the odd number schools were kept in experimental group and even number of schools were kept in control group. The setting for the present study i.e. Government Primary School, Rupana for the experimental group and Government Primary School, Mahuana for the control group and these were selected by simple random sampling method i.e. lottery method.

Target Population

The study population consist of children studying in 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th standard of selected primary schools of District Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab.

Sample and Sampling Technique

Sample for the study consist of 60 children and selection was done on the basis of simple random sampling technique i.e. lottery method from randomly selected primary schools.

Inclusion Criteria:

· willing to participate in the study.

· studying in 3^rd,4^th,5^th standard of selected primary schools of District Sri Muktsar sahib, Punjab.

Exclusion Criteria:

· Not present on the day of data collection.

· Not able to understand English and Punjabi.

· Sick, not in a mental state to respond for questionnaire.

Development of Tool

After extensive review of literature and with the help of experts, tool was prepared having following sections:

Section-A: Socio demographic profile which collected information related to age, sex, type of family, habitat, class, occupation and Education of parents.

Section-B: Knowledge questionnaire comprising 20 questions regarding oral hygiene. Each correct answer contain score 1.

Maximum scores : 20

Minimum score : 0

Level of Knowledge Scores

Adequate 15-20

Moderately adequate 7-14

Inadequate 0-6

Data Analysis

Analysis of data was based on objectives. The data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics by calculating the frequency, mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA.

RESULTS:

Sample characteristics: As per age, 36.7% of school children of experimental group were of 10 years of age while 30% of school children of control group were of 10 years of age. 21% of school children were females in experimental group while in control group 50% of school children were males and 50% of school children were females. 63.3% of school children were from joint families in experimental group while in control group half of the school children were from nuclear families and half were from joint families. 96.7% of school children were residing in rural habitat in experimental group while all the school children were residing in rural habitat in control group.36.7% of school children were from 3^rd standard in experimental group while 50% of school children were from 3^rd standard in control group. 63.3% mothers of school children were literate in experimental group while in control group half of the mothers were literate and half were illiterate. 60% fathers of school children were literate in experimental group while 63.3% fathers were literate in control group. 96.7% mothers of school children were unemployed in experimental group while 53.3% mothers were employed in control group. 96.7% fathers of school children were employed, 96.7% school children were using tooth brush to clean their teeth in both experimental and control group.86.7% of school children were getting information regarding oral hygiene from T.V and radio in experimental group while 76.7% of school children were getting information from teachers, health personnel and health programmes in control group. 56.7% of school children were doing brush twice a day in experimental group while 80% of school children were doing brush only once a day in control group.

Table 1: Comparison of mean pretest and posttest knowledge of primary school children regarding oral hygiene in the experiment and control group. N= 30

Observation	Experimental Group		Control Group		DF	T Value
	MEAN	SD	MEAN	SD	DF	T Value
PRETEST	8.83	2.45	10.17	2.19	58	1.21 NS
POSTTEST	14.90	2.60	10.37	2.35	58	7.07 *
	df = 29 t= 16.07 *		Df = 29 t= 0.612 NS

* is significant ; NS is not significant At 0.05 level of significance

Figure 1: Bar Diagram Showing Comparison of Pre Test and Post Test Knowledge Scores of Experimental and Control Group

Table 2: Comparison of pretest and posttest level of knowledge of primary school children in experimental group. n = 30

Level of Knowledge	Scores	Pretest		Posttest
Level of Knowledge	Scores	Frequency (f)	Percentage (%)	Frequency (f)	Percentage (%)
Adequate	15-20	0	0.00	15	50.0
Moderately adequate	7-14	25	83.3	15	50.0
Inadequate	0-6	5	16.7	0	0.00

Min-Max = 0-20

Table 2 reveals that in pretest of experimental group no child was having adequate knowledge, 25 children were having moderately adequate knowledge and 5 were having inadequate knowledge but after intervention in posttest of same group 15 children were having adequate knowledge and 15 were having moderately adequate knowledge and none was having inadequate knowledge. This shows that video assisted learning package on oral hygiene was effective.

DISCUSSION:

Findings of the present study revealed that the pretest mean knowledge score was found to be 8.83 in experimental group and 10.17 in control group. These findings were consistent to a similar study by Kaur M, Kumari L (2012) revealed in a pre-experimental study that knowledge mean score of pre-test was 14.91 which depicted that school children had poor level of knowledge scores. The study findings implied that the Education had a vital role in improving the knowledge of school children regarding dental hygiene.⁷In the present study a video assisted learning package was prepared and delivered about knowledge regarding oral hygiene to the children of experimental group. It is supported by D’Cruz A, Aradhya S (2012) assessed the effectiveness of an oral health Education (OHE) programme on oral hygiene knowledge, practices, plaque control and gingival health of 13-15 years old school children in Bangalore City.⁸Findings of the present study revealed that the post-test mean knowledge score was found to be 14.90 in experimental group and 10.37 in control group. These results were supported by a similar study by Kaur M, Kumari L (2012) which revealed that knowledge mean score of post-test was 23.01 which depicted that school children had average level of knowledge scores regarding dental hygiene.⁷It was concluded that video assisted learning package had impact on knowledge of school children regarding oral hygiene. Findings of the present study revealed that the association of knowledge scores with selected demographic variables such as age, type of family, habitat, Education of mother and father, Occupation of father and mother, method of cleaning, source of information and no. of times was found to be statistically non significant except gender and class with knowledge score was found to be significant at 0.05 level of significance.

Finally the study concluded that video assisted learning package had impact on knowledge regarding oral hygiene in school children. Since school education is an integral part of medical and dental services, nurses can play an important role in school health educational programmes, making children an important channel for disseminating the health information to the families and the communities.

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