A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge of Disaster Management among NCC Students in Selected High Schools

Mrs. Namrata Devulkar¹, Mrs. Sangeetha Moreshwar^2,Dr. Shivaswamy Shivarudrappa³

¹Lecturer, K.L.E. University’s Institute of Nursing Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka

²Associate Professor, K.L.E. University’s Institute of Nursing Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka

³Doctor (Professor), Community Medicine J.N. Medical College K.L.E. University’s Belgaum, Karnataka.

*Corresponding Author Email: nmdevulkar@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

The study was conducted using pre experimental one group pretest-posttest design. The research variable was knowledge regarding disaster management, while the demographic variables were age, gender, religion, educational status of parents and monthly income of family and source of information.

The study was conducted on 50 NCC students of 8^th and 9^th standards using Purposive sampling from selected kannada medium high schools of Belgaum. The instruments used for data collection was structured knowledge questionnaire. The data obtained was tabulated and analyzed in terms of objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The findings on assessment of knowledge regarding disaster management showed that the pre-test mean was 24.31, standard deviation 3.18, where as in post-test mean was 36.41, and standard deviation was 2.27.The post-test knowledge score NCC students on disaster management was significantly higher at 0.05 level of significance than the pre-test knowledge score of paired ‘t’ test at 1.96, p<0.05.

There was a significant increase in the knowledge scores of NCC students after administration of the planned teaching programme. Therefore, it was concluded that the planned teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of NCC students regarding disaster management.

KEY WORDS: Effectiveness planned teaching programme, disaster management, NCC students.

INTRODUCTION :

"Good plans are never finished. They can always be updated based on experience and changing vulnerabilities and assessment of current capabilities".

Disaster is a sudden adverse or unfortunate extreme event which causes great damage to human beings as well as plants and animals. Disasters occur rapidly, instantaneously indiscriminately. This extreme events, either natural or man induced exceed the tolerable magnitude within or beyond certain time limits, make adjustment difficult, result in catastrophic losses of property, income and life.¹

The world disaster report data suggested that there were approximately 1, 36,000 deaths each year from disasters. During 1983–2002 it is noticed that natural and technological disasters have increased by 54% worldwide.²

A strong earthquake of 6.3 Richter scale killed at least 200 people in New-Zealand’s second largest city of Christchurch on Tuesday 22^nd February, 2011.

In India, 60% of the land is prone to Earthquakes, 12% land is susceptible to floods, 8% is vulnerable to cyclones, and 68% of the area is susceptible to drought. In the decade 1990-2000 an average of about 4,344 people lost their lives in the above mentioned calamities. In the year 2004 Tsunami hit to Southern part of India in which 9,438 peoples died.³

In the year 2002, Karnataka state faced more disasters than any year of the preceding decade. By 2007 heavy monsoon rains led to wide spread flooding, particularly impacting northern part of Karnataka. Floods killed at least 1,103 people and affected approximately 18.7 million others. Further in the year 2009, floods hit Karnataka state again causing 218 deaths and lacks of people were affected.⁴

At times of disaster, impacts and loses, can be substantially reduced if authorities, individuals and communities in hazard prone areas are well prepared and ready to act and are equipped with the knowledge and capacity for effective disaster management. For that government of India launched a program as Disaster Management Plan; under these programme 8643 villages, 1046 gram panchayat, 188 blocks and 82 districts have been trained. 600 master trainers and 1200 teachers have already been trained in different districts in disaster management. More than 29,000 elected representatives of panchayat raj institutions have already been trained, 865 engineers and 425 architects have been trained in disaster mitigation and preparedness at different levels. Disaster Management Teams have been constituted in villages and are being imparted training in basic functions of first aid, evacuation and related issues.⁵

“Let us remember that the time we spend on prevention today may be the life we save tomorrow.” Government of India initiated “Comprehensive School Safety Programme” with the goal for schools and colleges to prepare themselves for disaster management as being prepared will improve the ability to respond to disaster. And there is a great need for educating NCC students regarding Disaster Management.⁶

In a vast country like India, it is not practicable for the government machinery alone, to undertake disaster reduction programmes without involvement of NGO’s. Public education and community involvement plays a vital role here.

In a country like India, where limited human resources are available for mitigation works during emergency situations. Hence we can make use of NCC Cadets for these situations. The observation based on the 9 days training Camp conducted by National Cadet Corps Headquarter on 25^th December 2010 at Mumbai, where 1200 Cadets were trained to manage disasters. The training included handling situations like fires, floods, bomb-blasts, terrorist attacks, stampedes, building collapses, earthquakes etc. According to Brigadier P.C. Roy, proper training and use of NCC Cadets in emergency situations will strengthen our Disaster management task force.⁷

Looking in to above facts and figures the investigator strongly feels that high school NCC Cadets for assisting the knowledge regarding disaster management, because these students are more generous and sensible. By giving additional knowledge about disaster management along with their routine training we can utilize this huge human resource as a supportive staff during disaster situations. More ever this disciplined, self motivated team of cadets can be easily converted in to a semi- professional team. We can also make use of these NCC cadets to spread out awareness about disaster management among general public.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

“A study to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge of disaster management among N.C.C. students in selected schools of Belgaum city”.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1 To assess the knowledge of the students regarding disaster Management.

2 To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on the knowledge of disaster management among N.C.C. Students.

3 To find out the association of knowledge with selected demographic variable.

HYPOTHESES:

H_1-The mean post-test knowledge scores of NCC students regarding disaster management will be significantly higher than the mean pre test knowledge scores at 0.05 level of significance

H_2-There is a significant association between pre-test knowledge and selected demographic variables at 0.05 level of significance

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:

The Stufflebeams CIPP evaluation model [2003] for this study identifies knowledge of NCC students regarding disaster management will strengthen or disaster management task force. The model contributes a plan for understanding how NCC students can be motivated to manage effects of disasters through designing and administration of planned teaching programme on disaster management.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

The study was conducted from 19-01-2012 to 25-01-2012. The sample size considered for the study was 50 NCC students of 8^th and 9^th std studying in selected kannada medium high schools of Belgaum. The sampling technique used for the study was purposive sampling since the study is evaluative one group pretest post test in nature the non-probability, purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples for the study. The purposive sampling proceeds on the belief that the investigators knowledge about the population and its elements can be used to hand pick the cases to be included in the sample.

The structured questioner method is used in the study consist of two section, namely section A and B, section A consisted of 6 question seeking the demographic data of the subjects. Section B consists of 30 multiple choice items related to knowledge items with 4 options. A scoring system is developed for the items. Each correct answer is assigned a score of ‘one’ and wrong answer a score of ‘zero’. The total score of section B is 30. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS:

The major findings of the study were as follows,

1. Findings related to socio demographic variables of High School NCC students:

The present study it was found that majority of subjects 32(64 %) were male students. Maximum subjects mother’s 24(48 %) had secondary education. Minimum 2(4%) had graduation. Maximum subjects father’s 22(44 %) had secondary education, while minimum 7(14%) were illiterate. Maximum subjects were residing in urban area 31(62%). Maximum subjects 16(32%) had source of information as a news paper/TVand 32% had neighbour as a source of information. Majority are from nuclear family 36 (72%).

Table-1: Mean, Median, Mode, and Standard Deviation and Range of knowledge score of NCC students n=50

Area of Analysis	Mean	Median	Mode	S.D	Range
Pre test (x)	12.1	12.50	2	3.18	15
Post test (y)	36.41	37.00	38	2.27	9
Difference	24.31	24.50	14	-0.91	-6

Table 1: Reveals that in the pre-test mean was 12.1, standard deviation 3.18, where as in post-test mean was 36.41, and standard deviation was 2.27.

Graph 1: Line graph showing Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation and Range of knowledge score of NCC students

2.Frequency and percentage distribution of knowledge scores of NCC students n=50

Knowledge Score	Pretest		Posttest
Knowledge Score	Frequency	%	Frequency	%
Good (Mean + SD) (33-40)	--	--	48	96
Average (Mean + SD) and (Mean – SD) (10-32)	44	88	2	4
Poor (Mean – SD) (0-9)	6	12	--	--

Table 2: reveals that in pre-test majority of the NCC students 44 (88%) had average knowledge and 6(12%) had poor knowledge whereas, in post test 48(96%) had good knowledge and 2(4%) had average knowledge.

Graph 2: Bar graph showing pre-test and post-test percentage distribution of NCC students.

3.Pre-test and post-test knowledge score of NCC students regarding disaster management. n=50

Item

Total Score

Mean % of knowledge score of NCC students

Item on knowledge regarding disaster management.

2000

Pre-test

(x)

Post-test (y)

Gain in

Knowledge(y-x)

30.25

90.95

60.70%

Table 3:Reveals that the mean percentage of post-test gain in knowledge was 90.95%. While in the pre-test gain in knowledge was 30.35%. The post test score were higher than the pre-test scores after administration of PTP. Hence gain in knowledge is evident.

Graph 3: Pie graph showing percentage distribution of pre-test, post-test and gain in knowledge scores of NCC students.

TESTING OF HYPOTHESES

Section III: evaluation of the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge of disaster management

Knowledge hypothesis H_{0: d} = 0 at 0.05 level of Significance

H_{1: d} #₀ at 0.05 level of Significance n=50

Mean Difference (d)

Standard Error Difference (SEd)

Paired ‘t’ Values

Calculated

Tabulated value

22.47

0.50

42.780

1.960

Table 4: reveals that calculated paired ‘t’ value (t=42.780) is greater than tabulated value (t=1.960). Hence H₁is accepted.

· This indicates that the gain in knowledge score is statistically significant at P<0.05 levels.

· Therefore, the PTP on Knowledge on disaster management is effective to improve the knowledge of NCC students with demographic variables

Section IV: Analysis and interpretation of data to find out an association between pre-test knowledge scores of NCC students with selected demographic variables.

H₂: There will be statistically significant association between pre-test knowledge scores and selected demographic variables at 0.05 level.

Section V:Association between the existing pre-test knowledge of NCC students on disaster management and selected demographic variables n=50

Sl.N

Socio demographic variables

Good

Average

Poor

χ^{2 CAL.VAL}

χ^{2 TAB VAL}

Gender

1.Male

2.Female

0.58

3.841

Education of mother

1.Illiterate

2.Primary education

3.Secondary education

4.Higher secondary and above

0.31

7.815

Education of father

1.Illiterate

2.Primary education

3.Secondary education

4.Higher secondary and above

6.5

7.815

Type of family

1.Nuclear

2.Joint

3.Extended

2.63

5.981

Place of living

1.Urban area

2.Rural area

3.Tribal area

4.Slum area

8.243*

7.815

Source of information

1.Family members and relatives

2.Neighbours

3.Health personnel

4.Mass media

11.368*

5.991

Therefore Table 5: reveals that there is an association between place of living and source of information, and knowledge of NCC students. There is no association between pre-test knowledge of NCC students and sex, parent’s education, and type of family.

DISCUSSION:

The present study it is found that out of 50 students majority of subjects 32(64 %) were male students. 48 % subject’s mother’s had secondary education. 44 % of subject’s father’s had secondary education. Most of the subjects were residing in urban area 31(62%). Few subjects 16(32%) had source of information as a news paper/TVand 32% had neighbour as a source of information. Majority of the subjects are from nuclear family (36(72%).

The per-test scores of 50 NCC students revealed that (0%) had good knowledge, 44(88%) had average knowledge and 6(12%) had poor knowledge.

The mean post-test knowledge score (36.41) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (21.31).

The mean and median in both pre-test (21.31). median (12.50) and post-test (mean36.41, median 37) were found to be lying close to each other, The post-test knowledge score NCC students on disaster management was significantly higher at 0.05 level of significance than the pre-test knowledge score of paired ‘t’ test at 1.96, p<0.05.

CONCLUSION:

The study concluded that there was significant increase in knowledge after the administration of Planned Teaching Programme. Hence PTP on knowledge of disaster management among NCC students of selected schools of Belgaum was effective.

REFERENCES:

1. National disaster management in India and disaster risk reduction programme [Online].(2009-2012) from ministry of home affairs URL:http//www.ndmindia.nic.in

2. Abhas K,Jennifer E, Center for Research on Epidemiology of Disaster.[Online]. 2003, Available from URL http://wwwcred.com

3. National Committee on Disaster Management (NCDN) Report. Available from http://info.worldbank.org

4. Dr. Naryana Jayaprakash. Report on flood statistics, Karnataka. 2009. Available at http://www.indiatimes.com.

5. Ala A. Risk reduction and emergency preparedness. World Health Organization.[Online]. 3^rd ed Geneva.2004 Aug; 5(9):[2-9].[ 20-25].Available

6. Wise G. Preparing disaster .Disaster manage response. 2007 Jan-Mar;5(1):14- Available from URL http://www.delhi.gov.in/DoIt DM/vbo.pdf

7 Disaster m management training for NCC cadets, Available from http://www.indianexpress.com/news/disaster-mgmt-training-for-ncc-cadets/729932/

Received on 30.05.2014 Modified on 05.07.2014

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research 2(3): July- Sept. 2014; Page 213-217